..^ 



V- 



,^' 



EOOSE'S 



fJoir)p^Hion kr)d Gruide 



TO 



WASHINGTOI^ 



AND 



VICINITY. ^"70 ;- 



CHEAP EDITION. 

Carefully Corrected and Revised to 1888„ 



Gibson Bkos., Printers and Bookbinders, 



^"^ ^^ CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Agricultural Department 47 

Alexandria 60 

Analostan Island 59 

Aqueduct 58 

Arlington 62 

Asylum, Washington 47 

Avenues, The 31 

E. & P. R.R. Station 55 

Barracks, Washington 38 

" Marine 40 

Bartholdi Fountain 28 

Benevolent Institutions 52 

Botanical Garden , 27 

British Legation.. 30 

Bureau ol Education 44 

Bureau of Engraving & Printing.. 28 

Cabin John Bridge 58 

Capitol, 1827 3 

" 4., East Front 4 

Capitol, The 9 

Cemeteries 59 

Churches 54 

Coast Survey 36 

Columbia Hospital for Women 46 

Columbian University 52 

Columbia Institution for the Deaf 46 

Convent of Visitation 60 

Corcoran Calleryof Art 51 

Court House, U. S 46 

Department of Justice , 46 

District of Columbia 5 

Executive Mansion 33 

Falls of the Potomac 58 

Ford's Theatre 38 

Fort Myer 64 

Georgetown 59 

Genius of America 13 

Justice and Hope 13 

Gonzaga College 52 

Government Hospital for Insane... 44 

Government Printing Office 47 

Grand Stairway 10 

Hotels 53 

Howard University 52 

House of Representatives 23 

Interior Department 41 

Jail, U. S 47 



PAGE. 

Library of Congress 24 

Louise Home 53 

Markets 54 

Monuments, Statues, &c.; 

Washington Monument 49 

Greenough's Washington 11 

Equestrian Statue Washington.. 30 

Garfield Statue 50 

Jackson " 34 

Emancipation Statue , 31 

Thomas " 30 

Scott " 25 

McPherson " 29 

Rawlings " 30 

Farragut " 29 

Dupont " 30 

Greene " 31 

Luther " 30 

Peace Monument 11 

Lincoln 21,63 

Mount Vernon 60 

Museum, Army Medical 38 

" National 48 

Navy Department 39 

Navy Yard 40 

Nurseries, Government 28 

Observatory, National 40 

Patent Office 41 

Plan of the city 9 

Post-Office, General 40 

Public Schools 57 

Railroad St.itions 54 

Reform School 46 

Reservations 28 

Rich. & Danville R.R. Headq'rs 43 

Rock Creek Church 59 

Senate, &c 25 

Smithsonian Institution 48 

Soldiers' Home 38 

Squares 29 

State Department 34 

Statuary Hall 22 

Supreme Court 24 

Treasury Department 36 

War Department 38 

Water-works 58 



Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1888, by 

W. S. RoosE and John Gibson, 

in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C 



'Roose's Companion and Guide 




THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

No American citizen should remain contentedly ignorant of the history of the District 

Columbia, and of the events which led to its selection for the permanent seat of the 
ideral Government. 

The Continental Congress opened its first session m Philadelphia, Pa., bept. 5, 1774, 
id the succeeding year it also met in that city. For several seasons the fortune oi war 
used its migration from place to place. In Dec. 20, 1776, it met in Baltimore; but 
ain March 4, 1777, it met in Philadelphia. In Sept. 27, 1777, it convened at Lan- 
ster, Pa., and Sept. 30, 1777, at York, Pa. July 2, 1778, it returned to Philadelphia, 
here it continued to meet until 1783, when it was expelled by a mob, which the State 
ithorities did not suppress. Congress then adjourned to Princeton, N. J., June 30, 
783. Nov. 26, 1783, it met at Annapolis, Md.; and it was while in session here that 
eneral Washington, Dec. 23, resigned his commission as general-in-chief of the army 

the close of the revolutionary contest. Nov. I, 1784, it met at Trenton, N. J., 
„m which it adjourned to meet Jan. li, 1785, in New York city. This last con- 
tiued its place of meeting until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, 

T788 

It was in the city of New York the First Federal Congress assembled— and the elec- 
iral votes were counted for the election of the first President of the United States. 
.en. Washington was inaugurated President on the balcony of Federal Hall, (the site of 
le present New York Custom-house,) April 30, 1789. 

The question " where the permanent seat of government should be located ' gave rise 
. anxious debates even in the Continental Congress ; and in the Convention which 
*amed the Constitution the subject was waived because graver issues demanded the 
:tention of that body, and it was deemed hazardous to decide upon what necessarily in- 
Dlved great local irritation. ^ , ^. ^ , , r^ 

The question, however, early engaged the attention of the First Federal Congress, 
ennsylvania was anxious to have again within her terrilory the seat of power. New 
'ork was determined to retain, if she could, the possession which she held. Newjer- 
•y Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, each stretched out an eager hand, presenting a 
tveral plea, for the coveted prize. The New England States seem to have kept silent 
i regarded their own claims, while the extreme Southern States, supported by Maryland 
Hd Virginia, determined to have the capital brought further South than either New 
^ork or Philadelphia. The South Carolinians were particularly anxious Philadelphia 
aould not be selected because of the Quakers, who "were continually dogging Southern 
members with their schemes of emancipation." Not only were newspapers filled with 
le discussion of the question, but private journals and the correspondence of the period 
Jem with the controversy. 

At length a bill passed the House, Sept. 22, 1789, ayes 31, noes 17, locating the per- 
manent capital " on the river Susquehanna, in the State of Pennsylvania." This loca- 
'on was bitterly opposed by Mr. Madison, who led the Southern members, and who 
ks supposed also to express the wishes of President Washington. In the Senate the 
lill was amended : the " Delaware river " and the neighborhood of Philadelphia, " in- 
luding Germantown," was substituted instead, and some other new provisions were 
aserted. On the return of the bill to the House it was again strenuously opposed by 
Ar. Madison, who at last succeeded in having an unimportant amendment introduced, 
loping that the delay consequent upon its consideration in the Senate would cause its 

5 



6 loose's Companion and Guide 

being laid over to the next session of Congress. In this desire he was gratified. Inst 
of passing the bill the Senate " postponed " its consideration, and Congress adjourned 
next day, Sept. 29, 1789. 

At the next session of Congress the vexed question was again introduced. Partis; 
ship ran high, and, in the opinion of many, upoa its disposition seemed, to hang 
continued existence of the recently- formed Union. It was at this juncture that anot 
question, involving the finances of the Republic, about which great diversity of opin 
prevailed, and which also had enlisted ^varm and excited feeling, was made the basif 
a compromise-between the contending parties. 

Alexander Hamilton, of New York, Secretary of the Treasury, had recommended 
assumption by the Federal Government of the State debts. This was opposed by Virgi 
and the Southern States. It was ascertained that it required the change of two votes 
carry into effect the financial project. To accomplish this, and also settle the question 
the selection of a place for the permanent capital, the aid of Thomas Jefferson, then ; 
cently returned from France, and appointed Secretary of State, was invoked. .|' 

The great democrat proposed that the subject should be talked over at a dinner, 
which Hamilton was invited. It was there settled that if the votes of Lee and Wh: 
of Virginia, should be changed in favor of assumption, that Hamilton and Robert M 
ris, of Pennsylvania, would bring such an influence to bear upon the question of I 
location of the capital as would insure its permanent establishment upon the banks of I 
Potomac. 

The bargain was faithfully kept, Hamilton's financial scheme was adopted, and 
the 31st May, 1790, Pierce Butler, of South Carolina, obtained permission of the Sei> 
" to bring in a bill to determine the permanent seat of Government of the Uni 
States." 

The bill located a district of territory for this purpose, not exceeding ten miles squa 
" on the river Potomac, at some space between the mouths of the Eastern Branch a 
Conogocheaguej" the capital to be removed thither in 1800, and until that time 1 
temporary capital was to be established in Philadelphia. It passed the Senate July 
1780, ayes 14, noes 12. Four attempts were made in the House to change the site 
the Federal District, but were voted down, and the Senate bill was finally agreed 
July 9, 1790, by a vote of 32 ayes to 29 noes. It received the signature of the Pr^ 
dent July 16, 1790. 

[Maryland, by an act passed Dec. 28, 1788, and Virginia, by an act of Dec. 3, 1780, had p 
viously authorized the cession of such portions of their territory as might be selected by Fede 
authority for the seat of the General Government.] 

An amendatory act, which passed Congress March 3, 1791, repealed so much oft 
act of July 16, 1790, as required the whole District to be located above the mouth 
the Eastern Branch, and authorized the President " to make any part of the said ter 
tory below the said limit, and above the mouth of Hunting creek, a part of the said D 
trict, so as to include a convenient part of the Eastern Branch, and of the lands lying 
the lower side thereof, and also the town of Alexandria." It was provided that no pt 
lie buildings should be erected otherwise than on the Maryland side of the Potomac. 

A proclamation had been issued by President Washington, dated Philadelphia, Jan. 2 
1 791, defining the boundaries of the District selected by him pursuant to the provisic 
of the first act. This was now follov/ed by another proclamation amendatory of t 
other, dated Georgetown, March 30, 1791. The boundaries of the territory w< 
therein declared to be as follows : 

> " Beginning at Jones' Point, being the upper cape of Hunting creek, in Virginia, and at an ? 
gle in the outset of 45 degrees west of the north, and running in a direct line ten miles for ' 



to Washingmi and VtcivMy. 




8 Roose's Companion and Guide 

first line ; then beginning again at the same Jones' Point, and running another direct line at a rig' 
angle with the first, across the Potomac, ten miles, for the second line; then from the termin 
tions of the said first and second line, running two other direct lines, of ten miles each, the oi 
crossing the Eastern Branch aforesaid and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in 
point." * * * " And the territory so to be located, defined, and limited shall be the who 
territory accepted by the said act of Congress as the District for the permanent seat of the Go 
emment of the United States." 

This territory contained a surface of ten miles square^ forming an area of lOO squai 
miles, or 64,000 acres, and included both margins of the Potomac. Its situation 1^ 
between 38° 48' and 38° 59' north latitude. The Capitol, afterward erected near ij 
centre, is in 76° 55' 3°.54" west longitude from Greenwich. Georgetown and Alex 
andria were within its limits — the remainder was plantation or farm land. 

President Washington appointed, Jan., 1791, ex-Governor Thomas Johnson, of Mdi 
Dr. David Stuart, of Va., and the Hon. Daniel Carroll, of Rock Creek, Md., the firili 
three Commissioners pursuant to the provisions of the act of July 16, 1790, who wei T 
empowered " to survey " and " define and limit a district of territory * * for th|iii 
permanent seat of Government." They were also " to have power to purchase or accef^ee 
such quantity of land on the eastern side of the said river, [Potomac,] within the saii 
district, as the President shall deem proper for the use of the United States, and " projrs 
vide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress and of the President, and fch 
the public offices of the Government of the United States ;" all subject to the approvsje 
of the President.* 

Interesting as the history really is of the work accomplished by the Commissioners 
their vexatious trials and various disappointments, the limited space of the present publi 
cation will only permit a recapitulation of the main results of their efforts. t 

The bargain and purchase of the land occupied by the Federal City from the originaij 
proprietors was brought about by the following arrangement : 1' 

■ I 

Extracts from the Agreement of the Nineteen Original Proprietors. 

The limits of the District of Columbia, as they now exist, having been fixed and pro 
claimed in March, 1791, under the authority of acts of Congress, nineteen of the princi 
pal proprietors of the lands constituting the present site of the city of Washington drev 
up and signed a general agreement among themselves, dated March 30, 1791, whicl 
they presented to the Commissioners, as the basis of the terms on which they shouh 
dedicate their lands to the purposes of the Federal City, and as such it was accepted b| 
the Commissioners, and recorded in their books, on the 12th April, 1791,33 follows: ] 

" We, the subscribers, in consideration of the great benefits we expect to derive from havinj 
the Federal City laid oflf upon our lands, do hereby agree and bind ourselves, heirs, executors 
and administrators, to convey, in trust, to the President of the United States, or Commissioners 
or such person or persons as he shall appoint, by good and sufficient deeds, in fee simple, th( 
whole of our respective lands which he may think proper to include within the Jines of the Fedj 
eral City, for the purposes and on the conditions following : 

" The President shall have the sole power of directing the Federal City to be laid off in whai^ 
manner he pleases. 

"He may retain any number of squares he may think proper for public improvements, 01 
other pttblic uses ; and the lots only, which shall be laid off, shall be a joint property betweerj 
the trustees on behalf of the public and each present proprietor; and the same shall be fairly anc 
equally divided between the public and the individuals, as soon as may be, the city shall bt 
laid off. 

" For the streets the proprietors shall receive no compensation — but for the squares or land; 
in any form which shall be taken for public buildings, or any kind of public improvements oi 

: i 

^* Vide Wyeth's Federal City. The compiler of this work has made very liberal use of Mr* 
Wyeth's book throughout, with the consent of that gentleman. 



to Washington and Vicifiity, 9 

, the proprietors, whose lands shall be taken, shall receive at the rate of 25 pounds per acre, 
ty-six and two-thirds dollars,] to be paid by the public." 

:he lands were conveyed, in trust, by the original proprietors, to Thomas Beall, son 
eorge, and John Mackall Gantt, to be by them disposed of, to be laid out as a 
eralCity, according to the above provisions. 

n 1846 that portion of the District of Columbia which had been originally a portion 
Virginia was retroceded by act of Congress back again to that State. 

PLAN OF THE CITY. 

i. Frenchman, Major L'Enfant, originated the plan of the Federal City. He was 
mng officer belonging to the engineer corps of the French army, which aided us in 

Revolutionary struggle. He early became a favorite of Gen. Washington, who ap- 
^ed his plan, and time has since confirmed the wisdom of that approval. 
The Capitol was to be considered the centre of the city; from it the streets are 
nted north, south, east, and west ; several of the avenues also radiate from it. The 
ets cross each other at right angles. Those running east and west are called after 

letters of the alphaljet, A, B, C, D streets, etc.; those running north and south, 

It, Second, Third streets, etc. 

The avenues, named after the different States at the time the city was laid out— and 

w others since added— cross these streets diagonally, and point in every conceivable 

„ction. r u o • 

'Jorth, South, and East Capitol streets intersect each other at the centre of the Capi- 
and with an imaginary line continued west, divide the city into four sections. So 
•e is a First street east and a First street west ; an A street north and an A street 
th, and so on throughout. 

There is no West Capitol street. Where that would have opened are gardens, etc., 
tinued on until the grounds of the Smithsonian Institution are reached. Then sue- 
d those surrounding the Agricultural Bureau building, and beyond them are those 
.n which the Washington Monument is erected. These rescr-vations were intended 
jecome an ornamented park, and in the early history of the city this place is called 
e Mall. The grounds stretching south from the President's House connect with 
se surrounding the Monument. 

The population of Washington City in 1810 was 8,208 ; in 1820, 13,24? j '" i^3°' 
826; in 1840, 23,364; in 1850, 40,001 ; in i860, 61,122; in 1870, 109,199; 
1880, 147,307 ; and in 1888, 200,000. 

THE CAPITOL. 

The United States Capitol, like the Capitol of ancient Rome, stands upon a hill 
nmanding a view westward, pronounced by the great traveller Humboldt one of the 
St beautiful his eyes had ever seen. 

The Capitol extends 75 1 feet 4 inches in length; the greatest breadth, including the 
tos of the Extensions, is 324 feet. The whole covers an area of three-and-a-half acres, 
1153,112 square feet. Its cost to the present time has been about $13,000,000. 

iThe centre portion of the building— the original Capitol— is built of yellowish sand- 
ne, painted white, procured from an island in Acquia creek, Virginia. The island 
|s purchased by Government from the Brent family, for $6,000, in 1791. 
The Extensions are of white marble, slightly tinged with blue, obtained from Lee, 
'issachusetts. The monolith marble columns of the Extensions, of which there are 

it hundred, were taken from a quarry in Maryland. 

iThe Dome is of iron, painted white, surmounted by the statue of Freedom, a bronze 



lO 



Moose's Companio7t and Guide 




CAPn-OL, WEST FRONT, AS IT WAS IN 1874. 



figure 19J feet in height. The f 
of the feather of this statue is 28 
feet 1 1 inches above the base lir' 
of the building east. Capitol Hi 
is within a fraction of 9P feet high 
consequently the head of the stati 
is 377 feet above tide- water. 

The east Capitol park, stretci 
ing to the line of First street eas 
has a frontage from B street n. 1 
to B street s. e., comprising a diji 
tance of 1,500 feet. 

The eastern front of the Capit(' 
is, properly speaking, its main fron' 
It consists of a central Portico, 16 
feet wide, with a projection, in 
eluding the steps, of 65 feet, orna 
mented with 24 pillars and 12 pi 
lasters, crowned with a pedimer 
of 80 feet span. The whole fron 
of what was the original Capitol i 
352 feet 5 to this has been added 
on either side, a colonnaded corrif 
dor of 44 feet 5 to these are at 
tached the Extensions — that 
the Senate on the north, and tha 
of the House on the south end 

Each Extension is adorned witl 
a portico 142 feet 8 inches wide 



wltii a pediment of 72 feet span j 22 columns and 12 pilasters of the Corinthian styl 
ornament the Extension porticoes. 

The north and south fronts of the Capitol are alike. They extend 239 feet, an<' 
have each a portico 120 feet front, with a projection of 10 feet 6 inches, and an en 
tablature supported by 10 columns. 

The west front of the Capitol is that with which strangers ordinarily are most familiar' 
It consists also of three ornamented porticoes 5 the central one a colonnade 100 feC' 
front, with ten columns, eight of which are coupled, and a corresponding number of pi- 
lasters. This portico communicates with the Library of Congress. Then to each of tht 
Extensions is attached a portico similar in architectural details to the north nd souti' 
porticoes, with a length of 105 feet, ornamented with 10 columns 

A stone terrace has been erected on the north, west, arid south sides, which remove' 
the impression of insecurity and gives the building an appearance of greater stability 
A handsome balustrade will crown the terrace. A grand stone stairway is being erectef 
to che main western portico. i' 

A monument commemorating the important services of the navy during the recen- 
civil war is at the foot of the hill, where Pennsylvania avenue intersects the Capito 
grounds west. 

The height of the monument is about 40 feet. Two figures. History and America 
crown the tup. History holds m one hand a tablet, and a stylus in the other. Amcric 
stands weeping, with her head bowed down. History directs attention to the inscriptio 
in her tablet, " They died that their country might live." 



to Washington and Vicinity. 



II 



low these figures stands Vic- 
holding a wreath in her up- 
„hed right hand — beneath 

)ry, on either side, is a youth - 

leptune and Mars. 

:ace occupies the same position 

le east side or back of the mon- 

it as Victory does on the west 

ont side. She holds an olive 

ch in her hand, and is sur- 

ded by representations of agri- 

iral products and implements. 

ove is also here beautifully 

)tured. 

he monument bears the in- 

tion, " In memory of the offi- 
seamen, and marines of the 

:ed States navy who fell in de- 

e of the Union and liberty of 
country, 1861-1865." Funds 

: contributed for its erection by 

)fficers and sailors of the navy, 

members of the marine corps. 

liral Porter was actively instru- 

tal in influencing the erection 

lis monument. It was designed 

Franklin Simmons, of R. I. 

ernment contributed ^25,000 

:he Statue of Peace, the gran- 

■ountain, and pedestal, &c., on 

;h the monument stands. 

^e will now return to the East Central Portico of 

Capitol. 

nmediately opposite and facing this Portico is 

enough's Statue of Washington. It is of colossal 
and has an interesting history. It was ordered 

832, to be placed in the centre of the Rotunda, 

• the tomb or vaulted chamber built for the recep- 
of the remains of Washington two stories be- 

ih.. The statue was finished in 1840, and the 

It received $20,000 while working on it. Two 

;r bills in connection with it were paid him, 

mating to $10,435.85. The expenses of trans- 
lation from Italy, its erection in the Rotunda, of 

subsequent removals, and of the pedestal upon 

ch it is placed, have absorbed at least $13,000 

'he chair upon which the figure sits is ornamented 

a the acanthus leaf and lions' heads. A small 

.re of Columbus and another of an Indian chief 

against its back. On the pedestal is inscribed 




NAVAL MONUMKNT. 




f,KKKNO'T(.l('t. \\ \SHINGTON 



12 



Roose's Companion and Guide 



Abov 




the deserved eulogy on Washington, pronounced by Governor Henry Lee : " Firii; 
•war — -fir it in peace — fir it in the hearts of bis countrymen.'''' i 

^ Washington sits in majesty, a sort of Jupiter. His person is nude to the waist. I 
his left hand is a sheathed sword, and with his right he points toward heaven. ^ 

On the right side of the chair is a basso-relievo of Phcebus-Apollo driving the char 
of the sun around the world — thus representing, in pictured allegory, the rising sun, t 
crestof the national arms of the United States. On the left side of the chair is depict 
the infant Hercules strangling the serpent, while Iphiclus, his feebler twin-brothi 
stretched on the ground, shrinks from the contest; illustrating the genii of North a 
South America. On the back of the chair is inscribed : " Simulacrum istud ad magm 
Libertatus exemplum, nee sine ipsa duraiurum. Horatio Gr e enough, /acfV^ar." Tl 
has been translated by a distinguished scholar into — 

" This statue cast in Freedom's stately form, 
And by her e'er upheld. 

" Horatio Greenough, Sculptor. 

We will now ascend the steps. Upon them bhe Presidents of the United States i 
inaugurated ; over a hundred thousana people, occupying the eastern park, might witnt 
the ceremony. 

the south end of the steps, on an elevated block, stands a marble group | 
S i g n o r Persico, 
called The Disccv- 
cry, on which he 
worked five years. 
It consists of two 
figures : Columbus 
holding the globe 
in his hand tri- 
umphant, while 
beside him, won- 
dering, almost ter- 
ror-stricken, is a 
f e m a 1 e figure, 
symbolizing the 
Indian race. The 
suit of armor worn 
by Columbus is 
said to be a faith- 
ful copy of one he 
actually wore. 
The group cost 

$24,000. . I 

On the north side of the steps, occupying a similar elevation, is another marble group- 

the artist, Horatio Greenough— called Ci-vilization, or the Settlement of the Country. I 

represents the American pioneer in conflict with the Indian; the fight is desperate; th. 

wife of the frontier settler, with her babe, and a faithful dog, are the adjuncts. Green 

ough was at work eight years on this group, which cost $24,000. 

TYMPANUM OF THE PORTICO. Before we enter the Portico we wii 

direct our attention to a group of allegorical figures of colossal size, said to be the desigi 

of John guincy Adams, executed by Signor Persico, and occupying the tympanum of th' 

Portico — just over our heads. 




THE DISCOVERY. 



CIVILIZATION. 



to Washington and Vicinity, 



13 




14 Roose^s Companion and Guide 

The central figure is the Genius of America, crowned with a star, holding a shield ; c 
it are the letters U, S. A, The shield rests on an altar, on which, within an oak« 
wreath, is inscribed, " July 4, 1776." At her feet sits an eagle. Behind her is a spea 
Hope, on her left, rests on an anchor. America directs the attention of Hope to Justic 
who has in her right hand the Constitution of the United States, This composition' 
wrought in sandstone, and cost $1,500. / 

Within niches on either side of the Bronze Door are statues, also the work of Sign( 
Persico. 

The one on the north side is War. The figure grasps in his right hand a sword, i 
the other, a shield. His costume is Roman, and his belt and tunic are ornamented wit 
appropriate symbols. 

Peace is a female figure of majestic beauty, with a gentle, winning smile, and in sin; 
pie flowing robes. She holds a fruit-bearing olive branch in her hand. The cost < 
these two figures was $6,000 each. 

Above the Bronze Door, sculptured in stone by Capellano, is a bust of Washingto 
crowned by Fame and Peace 

THE ROGERS BRONZE DOOR. This is the main central door of th 
Capitol, and on it is a pictured history of events connected with the life of Columbi 
and the discovery of America. 

The door weighs 20,000 pounds j is 17 feet high and 9 feet widej it is folding c 
double, and stands sunk back inside of a bronze casing, which projects about a foot for 
ward from the leaves or valves. On this casing are four figures at the top and bottom 
representing Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. A border, emblematic of conquest an 
navigation, runs along the casing between them. 

^ . The Door has eight Panels beside the semi-circular one at the top. In each Pane 
is a picture in alto-relievo. 

It was designed by Randolph Rogers, an American, and modelled by him in Rome, ii' 
1858 5 and was cast by F, Von Muller, at Munich, in 1861. 

The story the door tells is the History of Columbus and the Discovery of America 

The Panel containing the earliest event in the life of the discoverer is the lowest one on th 

south side and represents "Columbus undergoing an Examination before the Council 

balamanca. 

The Panel above it contains " Columbus' Departure from the Convent of La Rabida " i 
Falos. He is just setting out to visit the Spanish Court. 
The one above it is his " Audience at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella." 
Ihe next Panel is the top one of this half of the door, and represents the " Starting of Colum 
bus from Palos on his first voyage." 

The transom Panel occupies the semi-circular sweep over the whole door. The extendei 
picture here is the " First Lauding of the Spaniards at San Salvador." 

The top Panel on the other leaf of the door represents the " First Encounter of the Dis 
coverers with the Natives." In it one of the sailors is seen bringing an Indian girl on hi 
shoulders a prisoner. The transaction aroused the stern indignation of Columbus 
Barceloim" "^^^ "^^^ '^'^ °"^ ^^^ ^"^ '* '"^^^ Triumphal Entry of Columbus int(i 

The Panel below this represents a very different scene, and is " Columbus in Chains." 
J-nX ^f^^^^^ ^^l P^"?' 's ^^^ " I^eath Scene." Columbus lies in bed. The last rites o 
the Catholic Church have been administered ; friends and attendants are around him - and 
priest holds up a crucifix for him to kiss, and upon it bids him fix his dying eyes 

Unthe Door, on the sides and between the Panels, are sixteen small statues, set in niches 
of eminent contemporaries of Columbus. Their names are marlced on the Door, and begtnninj 
at the bott»m, on the side from which we started in numbering the Panels, we find the figure i 
the lowest niche is Perez ; then above him is Cortez, and again standing over him is Ojeda 

Vespucci occupies the next niche on the door. ' 
Alexander^W'*^^ '" ''"^ ^'^^"^^ *^^ '^°°''' ^^^"^^"S in two niches, side by side, are Mendoza ani 



to Washington and Vicinity, 




The first figure of the lowest pair on the door is Henry VII, of England ; beside him standft 

hn II. King of Portugal. , . ti- 

Then; in the same line with them, across the Panel, is Pinzon 

[n the niche above Pinzon stands B. Columbus, the brother of the g'-^f' navigator 

Then comes Vasco Nunez de Balboa, and in the niche above, again at the top of the Door, 

mds the figure of Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of Peru. ^ • ^»i„„ i,„o,1= 

Between the Panels and at top and bottom of the valves of the Door are ten P^ojf ''^S ^^^^J' 

lose between the panels are historians who have written on Columbus voyages from his own 

ne down to the present day, ending with Irving and Prescott. r^oc^^^-i 

The two heads at the tops of the valves are female heads, while the two next the floor possess 

Above o^ve^r^thl 'transom arch, looks down, over all, the serene grand head of Columbus. 
;neath it, the American Eagle spreads out his widely extended wmgs. 

Mr. Rogers received $8,000 for his models, and Mr. Von Muller was paid $17,000 
. gold for casting the Door. To a large portion of this latter sum must be added the 

gh premium on exchange which ruled during the war, the cost of storage and trans- 



1 6 Roost^s Companion and Guide 



portation, and the expense of the erection of the Door in the Capitol after its arri^ 
These items would, added together, far exceed $30,000 in the then national currency 

We will now enter the Rotunda. 

This magnificent apartment occupies the centre oi the Capitol. It is 97 feet 
diameter and 300 feet in circumference. Its height, from the floor to the centre 
«he pictured canopy which overhangs it, is 180 feet 3 inches. 

We will first look at the pictures which surround its circuit. There are eight 
ihem, each occupying a large panel, and they measure 18 by 12 feet. 

The first in point of event is the Landing of Columbus at San Salvador in 1491 J 
John Vanderlyn; its cost was $12,000. This picture represents the scene Washing! 
Irving so admirably describes in his " Voyages of Columbus," occurring the morning f' 
boats brought the little Spanish band from the ships to the shore. " Columbus fi " 
threw himself upon his knees J then rising, drew his sword, displayed the royal standa. 
and, assembling round him the two captains, with Rodrigo de Escobeda, notary of t 
armament, Rodrigo Sanchez, [the royal inspector,] and the rest who had landed, he to 
solemn possession of the island in the name of the Castilian sovereigns." The picture co 
tains the figures of Columbus, the two Pinzons, Escobedo, all bearing standards; Sanch( 
inspector; Diego de Arana, with an old-fashioned arquebus on his shoulder ; a cabin-b 
kneeling j a mutineer in a suppliant attitude ; a sailor in an attitude of veneration 1 
Columbus ; a loldier whose attention is diverted by the appearance of the natives, and 
friar bearing a crucifix. 

The second picture in succession of event, 1541, is De Soto's Discovery of tbe Miss, 
fippi, painted by Wm. H, Powell; cost $15,000. The scene is a view of the Mississif 
river, with islands in sight and canoes filled with Indians. On the bank, soldiers a 
priests are planting a cross ; to the left are wigwams and a group of Indians. De So 
on horsebacK is approaching the river in state, attended by a train of followers. A cam 
chest, with arms, and a soldier dressing his wounded leg, are accessories of the paintin 

The next in order of time, 161 3, is Tbe Baptism of Pocabontasy by John Gadsby Cha 
man; cost $10,000. 

This picture tells its own story. The characters introduced are Pocahontas, Jol 
Rolfe, afiierwards her husband, with the Rev. Alex. Whitaker, who is performing t. 
ceremony ; Sir Thomas Dale stands on his right, his standard-bearer and page near hii 
The sister of Pocahontas, with her child, is seated on the floor ; Opechankanough, i 
Indian chief, also is seated, while Nantaquaas and Opachisco, her brother and unci 
atand near her. Other figures, male and female, are stationed in diflferent parts of tlj 
ahurch ; among them are Richard Wyffin, Mr. and Mrs. Forrest, John and Anne La 
ion, and Henry Spilman. 

The succeeding picture, in chronological series, is The Embarcation of the Filgrii 
from Delft-Haven, in Holland, 21st July, 1620. Painted by Robert Walter Wei 
Cost $10,000. 

The scene depicted is the delivery of the parting prayer of Mr. Robinson, the past 
af the little congregation, on board the Speedivelly surrounded by the pilgrims and the 
■friends. The persons represented are the pastor, then Elder Wm. Brewster, with ope 
Bible before him, Mrs. Brewster and a sick child. Gov. Carver, Wm. Bradford, Mr. ar, 
Mrs. Fuller, Miles Standish and Rose, his wife, Mrs. Carver and child, Mrs. Bradfon 
Captain Reynolds and sailor, with several children, a nurse, etc. 

The four other pictures were painted by Col. John Trumbull, son of Jonathan Trurr 
bull, governor of Connecticut previous to and during the Revolution. Col. Trumbu 
was himself at one time aid-de-camp of General Washington, but retired from the se 
■vice in 1777. 



to Washington and Vicinity, 17 

The Trumbull series of pictures are especially valuable, because each of the many 
ies painted in them are actual likenesses, for which many of the subjects sat to the 
ist, and when this was not the case, copies of portraits at the time in the possession of 
; respective families were introduced. The paintings are the result of many years' de- 
don to his art by Col. Trumbull,. and of a patriotic endeavor to perpetuate the grand 
ids which they commemorate. 

Col. Trumbull received for these four pictures $32,000. They were ordered in 1817 
i finished in 1824. Col. Trumbull was born 1756; died 1843. 

The Declaration of Independence^ ^11^- Of ^^e who reported the draft oi the Declara- 
a, JefFerson, John Adams, Franklin, Sherman, and R. R. Livingston, stand near 
: table at which Hancock, the President, sits. 

'he other portraits are, commencing on the extreme left, i, George Wythe, of Va.; 2, Wm. 
lipple and, 3, Josiah Bartlett, of N. H.; 4, Benj. Harrison, of Va.; 5, Thomas Lynch of 
•6 Richard Henr>' Lee, of Vt.; 7, Samuel Adams, of Mass.; 8, George Clinton, of N.Y.; 
^"iiliam Paca and, 10, Samuel Chase, of Md.; 11, Lewis Morris and, 12, William Floyd, of 
Y • 13 Arthur Middleton and, 14, Thomas Hayvvard, ofS. C; 15, Charles Carroll, of Md.; 
Georg4 Walton, of Ga.; 17, Robert Morris, 18, Thomas Willing, and, 19 Benjamin Rush^ 
^a.- 2%, Eldridge Gerry and, 21, Robert Treat Payne, of Mass.; 22, Abraham Clark of N. 
23 Stephen Hopkins and, 24, William EUery, of R. I.; 25, George Clymer, of Pa.; 26, Wil- 
a Hooper and, 27, Joseph Hewes, of N. C; 28, James Wilson, of Pa., and, 29, Francis Hop- 



IJson, of N. J 



hen comes the Committee of Five, already noted ; after which, stiU continumg, are— 

<; Richard Stockton, of N. J.; 36, Francis Lewis, of N. Y.; 37, John Witherspoon ^^^^i J-' 

- ■" • '""iam Williams, and, 40, Oliver Wolcott, of Conn.; 41, John Han- 



, Samuel Huntington, 39, Willi ,- , r> t, a a 

pk. of Mass., President of Congress; 42, Charles Thompson, of Pa.; 43> George Reed and, 
ohn Dickinson, of Del.; 45, Edward Rutledge, of S. C; 46, Thomas McKean, of Pa.; and, 
^hilip Livingston, of N. Y. 
Surrender of General Burgoyne, Saratoga, Oct. 1 7, 1 777. " The painting represents 
n. Burgoyne, attended by Gen. Phillips, and followed by other officers, arriving near 
; marque of Gen. Gates. ^ ^ 

" Gen. Gates has advanced a few steps to meet his prisoner, who, with Gen. Phillips, 
s dismounted, and is in the act of offering his sword, which Gen. Gates declines^ to 
eive, and invites them to enter and partake of refreshments. A number of the prin- 
al ofScers of the American army are assembled near their General." These we will 
w enumerate. 
(The numbering commences on the extreme left of the picture.) 

Major Lithgow. of Mass.; 2, Colonel Cilly and, 3, General Stark, of N. H.; 4, Captain Sey- 
ur of Conn., of Sheldon's horse; 5, Major Hull and, 6, Colonel Greaton, of Mass.; 7, Major 
arborn and. 8, Colonel Scammell, of N. H.; and, 9, Colonel Lewis, Quartermaster-Gener^, 
Y • 10, Major-General Phillips, of the British army; 11, Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, BnUsii, 
i 'x2 General Baron Reidesel, German; 13, Colonel Wilkinson, Deputy Adjutant-General^ 
herican; 14, General Gates ; 15, Colonel Prescott, Mass. Volunteers; 16, Colonel Morgan, 
I Riflemen- 17, Brigadier-General Rufus Putnam, of Mass.; 18, Lieutenant-Colonel John 
looks, late Governor of ?*Iass.; 19, Rev. Mr. Hitchcock, Chaplain, of R. L; 20, Major Robert 
loup Aid-de-Camp, N. Y.; 21, Major Haskell, of Mass.; 22, Major Armstrong Aid-de-Camp ; 
; Major-General Philip Schuyler, Albany; 24, Brigadier-General Glover, of Mass.; 25^Briga. 
r-General Whipple, N. H. Militia; 26, Major Matthew Clarkson, Aid-de-Camp, N. Y., and, 
, Major Ebenezer Stevens, of Mass., Commander of Artillery. 

Surrender of Lord CornivalliSf at Yorktown, Oct. 19, 178 1. This was the triumph- 
t closing scene of the war ; and the glory of the triumph seems to linger on the glow- 
canvas. 

The painting represents the moment when the principal officers of the British army, cott 
cted by Gen. Lincoln, are passing the two groups of American and French generals, and en- 
ing between the two lines of the victors." 

Resignation of General TFashington : Annapolis, Dec. 23, 1783. General Washing- 
1, after taking leave of his old comrades at New York, accompanied by only two of 



f8 Roose's Companiofi and Guide 

them, proceeded to Annapolis, where Congress was then sitting, and there resigned \'[\ 
commission. Tli 

The persons introduced, whose portraits are given, are : \[\ 

1, Thomas Mifflin, of Pa., President of Congress ; 2, Charles Thompson, of Pa.; 3, Elbrid.tt 
<Jerry, of Mass.; ^, Hugh WilUamsori, of N. C.; 5, Samuel Osgood, of Mass.; 6, Edward JVI jj 
Comb, of Del.; 7, George Partridge of Mass.; 8, Edward Lloyd, of Md.; 9, R. D. Spaight ajp, 
10, Benjamin Hawkins, of N. C; 11, A. Foster, of N. H.; 12, Thomas Jefferson, of Va.; 13, i'" 
thur Lee, of Va.; 14, David Howell, of R. I.; 15, James Monroe, of Va.; 16, Jacob Reid, f 
S. C., members of Congress; 17, James Madison, of Va., spectator; 18, William EUery, of R. '. 
19, Jeremiah Townley Chase, of Md.; 20, S. Hardy, of Va.; 21, Charles Morris, of Pa., mei 
bers ; 22, General George Washington ; 23, Colonel Benjamin Walker, and 24, Colonel Dav 
Humphreys, Aids-de-Camp ; then, 25, General Smallwood, of Md.; 26, General Otho Holla; 
Williams, of Md.; 27, Colonel Samuel Smith of Md.; 28, Colonel John E. Howard, of Baltimoiib; 
Md.; 29, Charles Carroll, and two daughters, of Md.; 30, Daniel, of St. Thomas Jennifer, Mi 
31, Mrs. Washington, and her grandchildren, spectators. 

RELIEVOS IN THE ROTUNDA. Over each of the four doors leadi 
from the Rotunda are alto-rdifvo% in stone. The cost of the four is said to have beif 
-fi4,ooo. ... \ 

The group over the east door is " The Landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Ro(F 
in 1620." The artist was Signor Enrico Causici, of Verona, a pupil of Canova. 

That over the north doorway is "William Penn's Treaty with the Indians in 1686 
A Frenchman, Monsieur N. Gevelot, executed this work in 1827. , 

Over the door opening west is " The Preservation of Captain Smith by Pocahontas P 
1606." Signor Capellano, another pupil of Canova, was the artist. It was executed i 
1825. I 

The group over the doorway leading south is the " Conflict between Daniel Booip 
and the Indians, 1775." This is the work of Causici. \ 

Eight long narrow basso-relie'vos of arabesque pattern are in the panels above the pii ?! 
tures. Four of them contain medallion heads. The heads are portraits of Columbu^ 
Cabot, Sir Walter Raleigh, and La Salle. The whole of them cost $9,500. ! 

THE BELT OF THE ROTUNDA. There is above the architrave fl 
sunken space or kind of shelf, about 9 feet high, traversing the whole circuit of the R<*J 
tunda. This is now being filled with a fresco in chiaro-oscuro in imitation o£ alto-relie'v,^ 
It is a series of Sketches of American History, and is so wonderful in execution that, froi 
the floor of the Rotunda, it seems incredible that it is not a relief. I 

The series commences immediately above the west door of the chamber. The fir 
tall figure is America arsned with spear and shield, at her feet the eagle ; seated on tl 
ground on her right is the American Indian with bow and arrows; and in the san,™ 
position on her left the Genius of History sketching events. 

The looker-on must now imagine himself looking into the sketch-book, the fir 
scene of which is, 

" The Landing of Columbus." 

The second, " Cortez entering the Temple of the Sun in Mexico." 

The third, " Pizarro, with the horse, progressing in the conquest of Peru,** L 

The fourth, " The burial of De Soto in the Mississippi river." 

The fifth, " The rescue of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas." 

The sixth, " The disembarkation of the Pilgrim Fathers." 'X 

The seventh, " Penn's treaty with the Indians and settlement of Pennsylvania,** 

The eighth, " The Industrial Colonization of the New England States.*' 

The ninth, " Gen. Oglethorpe and Muscogee Chief," an incident in the colonizatio 
sf Georgia. 

The tenth, " The battle of Lexington." 

The eleventh, " The Declaration of Independence." 



to Washington and Vicinity. 19 

he twelfth, " The surrender of Lord Cornwallis." 
he thirteenth, " The death of Tecumseh." 

he fourteenth, " The American Army entering the city of Mexico.** 
he fifteenth and last, completing the circuit of the belt, " Laborers in the gold mines, 
alifornia." 

he estimated cost of this picture is $10,000. 

short distance above the frieze thirty-six tall windows admit a flood of light into the 
nber. Above them springs the arch of the dome, lessening in curvature like the 
eof an egg-shell, until contracted to a space of 50 feet in diameter, forming the eye 
le dome. 

eyond and over this open eye, within the canopy that overhangs it, is painted Bru- 
s allegorical fresco of the Apotheosis of Washington.* 

IRUMIDI'S ALLEGORICAL PAINTING. The central group of the 
ire represents Washington seated in majesty. On his right is the Goddess of Liberty,, 
on his left is a winged idealization of Victory and Fame — sounding a trumpet and dis- 
ing the victor's palm. Before the three, forming a semicircle, are thirteen femak 
es. They represent the thirteen original States 5 each is crowned with a star, and 
hold up a ribbon-banner inscribed '' E Pluribus Unum" 
elow this centre group are six other groups round the base of the canopy. 

le first, occupying the west, is War. Freedom, with uplifted sword, is striking down 
my and kingly power. An angry Eagle, striking with his beak, is fighting for, and by the 
of. Freedom. 

le second is Agriculture. Ceres, Flora, and Pomona figure in this group, 
len succeeds Mechanics. Vulcan, with his right foot resting on a cannon, and surrounded 
lachinery, forges, mortars, aad cannon balls, is the stalwart genius of this group, 
le next, and occupying the east, is Commerce. Mercury holds in his hand a bag of gold, 
hich he is directing the attention of Robert Morris. 

le group beside this symbolizes the Marine. Aphrodite, [Venus,] half risen from the waves, 
s in her hand the Atlantic cable, given her by a winged cherub, and is about dropping it 
the sea. Neptune, astonished, is emerging from the deep. 

le last is The Arts and Sciences. Minerva stands gloriously prominent with helmet and 
Near her, attentive to her teachings, are Benjamin Franklin, Robert Fuhon, and S. F. 
klorse. There are also boys, with wondering eyes and expressive gestures, listening to the 
■uction of a school-teacher. 

'his painting covers an area of 4,664 square feet. 
Ir. Brumidi received for this work $39,500. 

he circumference of the base of the canopy is 205 feet 4 inches; its diameter is 65 
4 inches, and its height from base to top, in a straight line, is 20 feet 7J inches. 
:HE whispering gallery of the CAPITOL. The spheri- 
shape of the canopy, inside of which the picture we have just described is painted,, 
es an interesting acoustic result. Two persons, standing immediately opposite each 
;r, can converse with the utmost ease in a low tone of voice — indeed, if it is silent 
he Rotunda beneath, a whisper can be distinctly heard across the immense concave, 
voice of the person speaking, however, seems to be talking immediately opposite 
above the position he really occupies. It is well worth the climb to observe this 
ular effect. 

i'he stairway still ascends above the picture, and traverses the top of the canopy be- 
en the two shells, until it reaches the " Tholus " or " lantern " of the Dome. 
"he Statue of Freedom crowns the Dome. It weighs 14,985 pounds, and was placed 
»osition Dec. 2, 1863. The forts then surrounding Washington fired a salute in 
or of the occasion. Mr. Crawford received for his model $3,000, and the casting 

The word "Apotheosis** is of Greek origin, and ?aeans the enrolment of a mortal among 

gods. 



20 





FRANZON! S CLOCK. 



Roose's Companion and Guide 



of it, by Mr. Clark Mills, with all the attending ei 
penses, netted an additional sum of $20,796.82. 

For years previous to 1880, the Rotunda, Dome, an 
Tholus were lighted at night-time by 1,280 gas-jci 
ignited by electricity. The electric-room is in the cen 
tral portion of the building. 

We will now descend from the Dome again to thf 
Rotunda, and enter the doorway leading south froi 
that apartment. 

Passing through a small vestibule, we shall then fin 
ourselves in the 

OLD HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES 
This chamber, resembling an ancient Grecian theatre 
is 95 feet long, and 60 feet in height to the most elel" 
vated point of the ceiling. Twenty-six pillars and pilasf 
ters of I'otomac marble support a dome with painteif^ 
caissons. A cupola, painted by Bonani, an Italian, ad sfi 
mits light from above. In 

Under a sweeping arch near the dome is a colossal figf 
ure of Liberty, by Causici, in plaster. Beneath it, on thj" 
entablature, is sculptured, in stone, the American eaglif 
in the act of taking wing, by Valperti, also an Italianj' 
Opposite, over the door througtl)' 
which we entered, stands the olcf 
marble clock of the Hall. It repre- 
sents the Genius of History record- 
ing the events of the Nation. She 
stands in a graceful attitude, with pen 
in hand, on a winged car rolling over 
a globe. The wheel of the car serves 
as the face of the clock. This beau- !« 
tiful work of art was executed by 
Signor C. Franzoni, an Italian, who]" 
died May 12, 18 19. The credit of 
designing it is a matter of controversy. 
This Old Hall is now used as afs 
statuary-room, in compliance with t 
suggestion of Senator Justin S. Mor-fl 
rill, of Vermont, made when a mem- 
ber of the House, that " each State 
should be permitted to send the effi- 
gies of two of her chosen sons, in^ 
marble or bronze, to be placed per-|I 
manently here." Other statuary, be 
longing to the Government, mostly of jl 
historical interest, with paintings, etc., 
have also been placed in their com- [ 
panionship. Ir 

Of this latter class we will firsti 
speak : Among them stands a plaster |v 
cast of Houdori's Waibington. I 



to Washington and Vicinity. 



21 



mdon came from France with Franklin in 1785, and obtained his model from Wash- 
\ himself. He remained a guest for two weeks at Mount Vernon. The present 
vas taken by Hubard, and cost $2,000. 

$t of Kosciusko. Born X755, died 18 17. The artist who made this bust was also a 
named Mochowski. He assumed as his American name that of Saunders. It cost 




ss Reams Statue of Lincoln. In 

Congress appropriated $10,000 

full-length statue of Mr. Lin- 
Miss Ream, of Washington 

eceived the commission for its 

tion. The work was finished 

70, and on its completion an 

onal $5,000 was obtained^ by 

om Congress. 

7Ci' Bust of Lincoln. Mrs. Sa- 

isher Ames, of Mass., received 

der in 1868 from Congress to 
a bust of President Lincoln. 

eceived $2,000 for her work. 

nds on a Scotch granite pedes- 

esented by A. Macdonald, Field 

, of Aberdeen, Scotland. 

st of Thomas Craivford. Craw- 

iras the artist who designed the 

of Freedom, the Senate Bronze 
the marble group above it, and 

larble figures ornamenting the 

mum of the Senate Extension 

:o. His bust is the work of T. 

ardi. The price paid for it was 

tue of Alexander Hamilton. Dr. 
:io Stone, of Washington city, 
ted this statue in Rome. It 
d from Italy in iS68, and cost $10,000. 

e Bron%e Statue of Thomas Jefferson^ by David d'Angers, a French sculptor, was 
ited to Congress by Lieutenant Uriah P. Levy, U. S. Navy, in 1834, but was not 
illy accepted by Government until 1873. It stood, long ago, in the Rotunda, and 
its removal from there was placed in front of the President's House, a position it 
ied for many years. After its acceptance, upon the motion of Senator Sumner it 
nally located in the old Hall. This bronze was cast by Honore Gonon et ses deux f Is. 
3E PORTRAITS. These are a Mosaic of Mr. Lincoln, presented by Signor 
iti of Venice. Signor Salviati is the great manufacturer of mosaic work in Italy. 
probable mercantile value of this mosaic is about Si, 000. 
portrait of jfosbua R. Giddings, by Miss C. L. Ransom. Cost, $1,000. 
likeness of Charles Carroll^ of CarroUton, born 1737, died 1832; the last surviving 
b of the Declaration of Independence. Painted by Chester Harding. Cost, $500. 
1872 a portrait of Gunning Bedford, a member of the Continental Congress from 
ware, was presented by the heirs of the family to Government. 



STATUE OF LINCOLN. 



22 Roose^s Companion and Guide 

A portrait of Thomas Jefferson^ by Sully — an original, esteemed an admitable pictui 
placed here in 1875. Cost, $200. 

A portrait of Benjamin JVezt^ painted by himself, is also a recent addition. 

An original portrait of General Washington^ by Stuart, purchased in 1876, by 
Joint Committee on the Library, from ex-Senator Chesnut, of Camden, S. C, for $1,2 ' 

STATUARY FURNISHED BY THE STATES. Rhode Island c 
tributed the first of all the States the permitted quota, viz: Major-General Natba 
Greene, born 174a, died 1786. The sculptor was Henry K, Brown. The worl 
dated Rome, 1869, Aug. 6. And Roger Williams^ the pioneer-apostle of liberty of 
ligious opinion; born 1606, died 1683. The artist was Franklin Simmons, of R 
The marble was cut in Rome. Date, 1870. 

Connecticut was the next to send her marble representation. One is Jonathan Trl 
bull, the last colonial governor of the State, who became a tower of strength to the re 
lutionary movement. Born 1710; died 1785. He was the father of the painter, (i 
Trumbull ; he also was the intimate friend of Washington, and because of their fami 
intercourse Washington applied to him the soubriquet of Brother Jonathan. The ot 
is Roger Sherman, the shoemaker, afterward lawyer, judge, delegate to Congress, on< 
the Committee of Five, and signer of the Declaration of Independence. Born 17: 
died 1793. The artist, E. E. Ives, a native of Connecticut, made both these statues 
Rome. They were formally unveiled February, 1872. 

New York has sent in bronze George Clinton, who died at Washington city in 18 
Vice-President U. S. Artist, Henry R.Brown; 1873. Founders, Robert Wooci 
Co., Philadelphia. And Robert R. Li'vingston, one of the Committee of Five who pi 
sented the Report, but who was not a signer of the Declaration of Independence. 
was the first chancellor of the State of New York, and administered the oath of officf 
President Washington. He was also Minister to France when the purchase of Louisi; 
was completed. E. D. Palmer, artist; 1874. Cast by F. Barbedienne, founder. Pa 

Go-v. John Winthrop is a contribution from the State of Massachusetts. By Rich 
Greenough, the brother of Horatio Greenough. And Samuel Adams, who has b< 
proudly denominated " The Father of the Revolution." George Clymer wrote of b 
in 1773 : " All good rnen should erect a statue to him in their hearts." Samuel Ada 
was born in Boston, Sept. 22, 1722; died October 2, 1803. He was a causin of Jo 
Adams, second President of the United States. 

Col. Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonderoga, is one of the statues sent from Vermo: 
and Jacob Collamer, a U. S. Senator, the other. 

Ohio has contributed James A. Garfield, a bright light and brave leader. Preside 
of the U. S., and William Allen, Governor and U. S. Senator. 

Richard Stockton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and the brave Gener 
Philip Kearny, are from New Jersey. 

Gotttrnor Wm. King. The State of Maine has sent as her first gift to this silent 
sembly the statue of her earliest governor. Gov. King was born at Scarborough, JVj 
in 1768. He was president of the convention which framed the constitution of 
native State. Maine was admitted a member of the Federal Union March 15, 18 
It was formed from territory of Massachusetts. Franklin Simmons, artist, 1877. 

Col. Edivard D. Baker. This statue was ordered by Congress, and cost $10,0 
Born in England, of poor parents, Col, Baker came a boy to this country, where, w 
his father, he worked at weaving. He eventually became a Senator of the U. S. fr 
Oregon, and died at Ball's Bluff, near Leesburg, gallantly fighting rebellion at the hi 
of his reginient, Oct. 21, 1861. The artist was Horatio Stone, and this statue ' 
the last work of his graceful chisel. Doctor Stone died in Italy in 1875. 



to Washington and Vicinity, 23 

ENTENNIAL SAFE. In this hall stands a large fire-proof safe filled with 
ds of national interest, relative to the close of our first centennial era. The safe is 
anently closed, and not to be opened until 1976. 

issing out of the Old Hall through the south door we enter the House Extension of 
Capitol. 

iHE NEW HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES is in the centre of that 
insion. The chamber is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 36 feet high. It has a 
ry on its four sides capable of having crowded into it 1,200 persons. Portions are 
|ted to the diplomatic corps and reporters of the press. There are also divisions for 
families of the Cabinet officers. Senators, and Representatives 5 the remainder is for 
)rs, 

he ceiling is of iron, gilded and bronzed, and is supported by trusses from the roof, 
entre is a skylight, panelled with glass j in each panel is painted the arms of a State, 
ats for the members, with desks in front of them, are ranged in successive semicir- 
facing the Speaker's desk. In front of it sit the various clerks and phonographic 
ters. 

full length likeness of Washington, by Vanderlyn, which cost $2,500, is on one 
af the Speaker's chair, and on the other side is a likeness of Gen. Lafayette, by Ary 
ffer, which was presented to Congress by the artist about i824-'25. 
fresco by Brumidi, representing " Gen. Washington refusing Lord Cornwallis' re- 
C for an armistice at Yorktown, just before the final surrender," occupies a portion 
le wall west of the portrait of Lafayette. 

wo paintings by Bierstadt, one on each side of the Speaker's desk, also ornament 
wall. One is the " First Landing of Henry Hudson," and the other the " Discov- 
)f California." 

he artist received $10,000 for each. 

orridors, paved with English Minton tiles, surround the Hall, and afford entrance to 
)us rooms for the officers of the House and the use of committees. The rooms 7Xt 
ssible when the Committees are not in session. 

taircases of Tennessee marble on the east and west sides of the Hall lead to the gal- 
ls. 

>n the wall, above the western staircase, i» Leutze's picture of " Western Emigra- 
." Cost $20,000. 

Lt the foot of this staircase is a bust, in bronze, of a Chippewa Indian chief, " The 
Falo." 

I large picture on canvas by F. B. Carpenter, "Lincoln's War Cabinet" or the 
reclamation of Emancipation," occupies the same position above the eastern stair- 

t was presented to the United States by Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson February 12, 

8, and cost $25,000. On the occasion of its acceptance the Hon. Alex. H. Ste- 

s, Ex-Vice-President of the so-called Confederate States, was one of the orators ap- 

ited by Congress to receive the picture. 

U the foot of this staircase stands a statue of Thomas Jefferson, by Powers ; it cost 

),ooo. 

Various committee-rooms and rooms for newspaper and telegraphic uses are situated 

he upper story of the Extension, to which we now ascend. 

["here is also from here access to the Library of the House, which occupies the story 

ve the communicating corridor leading from the Old Hall. 

iVe will now descend to the ground-floor. This is occupied by committee-rooms, 

lets, bath and store-rooms, the folding-room, House Restaurant, etc., etc. 



24 Roose's Compa7iio?i and Guide 

Beneath is the heating and ventilating apparatus. The engineer will explain \\\ 
cool and hot air is forced into the building. , 

THE CRYPT. Beneath the Rotunda is the Crypt, so called from its resembla 
to the chambers of that name in cathedrals. It has numerous pillars, supporting groi. 
arches, and is dimly lighted. 

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS occupies the western projection of 
original Capitol, and access is obtained to it from the Rotunda by the west door. 

These beautiful halls were designed by Thos. U. Walter. They are of iron, inch 
ing shelves; the floors are laid with encaustic tiles; consequently all is fire-proof. 1 
centre hall is 91 feet long, 34 feet wide, and 38 feet high. The side halls are 95 i.\ 
long and 29J feet wide. , 

The Library of Congress originated in 1800, and from that time until 18 14 the nui i 
her of volumes comprised about 3,000. It was destroyed by the British in that yen 
when they set fire to the Capitol. , , 

Mr. Jefferson's library, then considered one of the finest in the country, was pij I 
chased by Congress for $23,950 in 1815, and became the nucleus of a new collectic ' 
which, in 1851, comprised 55,000 volumes. Dec. 25 of that year, a fire, originati:: 
from timbers carelessly exposed to flues, consumed 35,000 volumes, besides works of all 
coins, etc., etc. 

The number of volumes in the Library in 1874 was 274,157 volumes and 50,0 
pamphlets. Jan. i, 1876, the volumes reported were 293,507, and 60,000 pamphle 
In 1888, the aggregate was 600,000 volumes, besides about 200,000 pamphlets. 

^ Although designed especially for the use of Congress and Government officials, ail 
visitor over sixteen years of age can obtain books to read, only in tbt Library, by filli 
one of the blanks to be found on the tables, and presenting it at the Librarian's desk. 11 
^ On the ground-floor, underneath the Supreme Court-room, is the law branch of tji 
Library. The vestibule to this apartment is famous for its ornamentation of corn-sta 
columns, with capitals of opening ears of corn. This room was once occupied by t 
Supreme Court of the United States. 

SUPREME COURT-ROOM OF THE UNITED STATES. Tl|J 
chamber is situated in what was the north wing of the original Capitol, and occupies t 
eastern side of that portion of the building. It was the old United States Senate Chars 
her. . It is semicircular, 75 feet long, 45 feet high, and its greatest width 45 feet 
is ornamented with columns of Potomac marble, and has a dome ceiling. Around t 
semicircular wall are brackets, on which are placed the busts of deceased Chief- Tustici 
The room is beautifully carpeted. 

The rooms in its vicinity are appropriated to the officers and judges of the Suprer 
Court. 

In the robing-room hangs a portrait of Chief-Justice Marshall, by Rembrandt Peaf 
a companion-picture to his Washington. This portrait was presented to Chief- Justi'i 
Chase by the bar of New York, and at his death was bequeathed by him to the Suprer 
Court of the United States. 

In this ro9m is also a portrait by Gilbert Stuart of the first Chief- Justice, John Js 
arrayed in a black-satin robe with broad scarlet facings. This picture was recently! 
gift to the Court by his grandson, John Jay, late minister to Austria, 

A portrait^ of Taney by Healy is also here, which was presented by the Washingt* 
Bar Association. 

This room contains admirable specimens of antique furniture. 

Leaving the Supreme Court-room, we pass into the Senate Extension, in the centre 
which is the 



to Washington and Vicinity. 25 

ENATE CHAMBER. In general arrangement and appearance this Chamber 
mbles the Hall of Representatives, though smaller. It is 1 12 feet long and 82 feet 
:. The desks of the Senators are of highly-polished mahogany. In the skylight 
painted symbols of Progress, the Union, the Army, the Navy, and the Mechanical 

lis. 

immediately north of the Senate Chamber are three rooms of great beauty } the most 

tterly one is 

JTHE PRESIDENT'S ROOM. Dimensions, 23 feet 2 inches by 21 feet 8 inches, 
h a canopy ceiling. The whole room is elaborately decorated in fresco and distemper. 
j the walls are the portraits of President Washington and his Cabinet. The ceiling is 
[ered with allegorical illustrations of Religion, Liberty, Executive Power, and Legisla- 
t Authority, with portraits of Columbus, Americus Vespucius, Wm. Brewster, and 
ij. Franklin. The floor is tiled, but in winter is covered with a rich carpet. In this 
m, towards the close of a session of Congress, the President affixes his signature to 

s. 

rHE MARBLE ROOM. The walls of this room aie of polished Tennessee mar- 

and plate-glass. Four Corinthian columns of Italian marble support the ceiling. Its 
gth is 38 feet 7 inches, 19^ feet high, and width 21 feet 8 inches. It is used as a 
ring-room by the Senators. 
rHE VICE-PRESIDENT'S ROOM is of the same size as the President's, but 

walls are unadorned. It is beautifully furnished, and here is hung Rembrandt Peak's 
sbrated likeness of Washington, which adorned the old Senate Chamber, and cost, in 
32, $2,000. Vice-President Wilson died in this room October, 1875. 
J^ADIES' RECEPTION ROOM. This is elaborate in ornamentation, and its 
rpose is to provide a place where ladies may obtain interviews with Senators. It is 
iiated east of the three rooms last described, and next it is the room of the Sergeant- 
.Arms of the Senate, and also 

THE SENATE POST-OFFICE. This is admirably furnished for use. The 
iling was painted by Brumidi at a cost of $5,000. On it is represented History, Ge- 
raphy. Physics, and the Telegraph. 
We will now enter the hall leading to the east Senate Extension Portico, and ar- 

^e at 

THE CRAWFORD BRONZE DOOR. This door illustrates Revolution- 
y and Federal history, and cost for models $6,000; for casting, $50,495.1 1. One 
live is War and the other Peace. 

At the top of the War valve is the " Battle of Bunker Hill and Death of Warren, 
775," The next panel is the "Battle of Monmouth and Rebuke of Gen. Charles 
ee the traitor, 1778." Then, again, below is " Yorktown — the gallantry of Hamilton, 
78*1 ;" and at the bottom of the door is a Hessian soldier in death straggle with an 

merican. , /-,.,• r r» 

At the foot of the Peace valve is an allegorical representation of the blessmgs ot Peace, 
'hen, above it, is the " Ovation to Washington at Trenton, 1789." Next above that. 
The First Inauguration of President Washington, 1789;" and in the top panel is 
ictured " The Laying of the Corner-stone of the United States Capitol, September 3, 

793." 

The door was cast at Chicopee, Mass., by James T. Ames. 

Above the door is a group in marble of History and Justice. 

THE SENATE EXTENSION PORTICO, of which this is the door, has 
ver its centre, in detached figures, an illustration of the " Progress of American Civiliza- 
ion and the Decadence of the Indian Races." 



^^ Roose's Companio?i and Guide 

We will now return to the interior of the Senate extension, and traverse again 

the Po"t!cof ' " " ^ "'" "' ^^"'' "^^^ ^"^^'°"' "^^^^^^' <="n^"^unicatfng : 

At the foot of the east staircase of the Senate is a statue of Fravk/h, by Hiram PI 
ers 5 cost Jp 1 0,000, 

cos?$25,oro" ^'"^' ^°'^'"'' ^'""'' °^ '^" ^''"^' "^^'^' -^"^' September 10, 18 

Ascending the stairs, we find magnificent corridors, paved with encaustic tiles ' 
rounding three sides of the Senate galleries. encaustic tiles. 

In this story, in a vestibule opposite the entrance to the ladies' gallery, hang two 

In the w,de corridor north of this Vestibul. are two pictures on canvas, one is an 
£j»<«™» /,fc„„ rfa„. Scot,, by the late Edward Troye. I, was ordered for J 
purpose of be,„g placed in the Military Institute of Virginia « LexingtonranT he , 

rfetieTec'eT f*v?'°°?'°: '''>"'' ™"" '=°'"P'«='' -"i"he' fall of ,8 
Trtefc °^ !'"" *=P'""--= "'^ '-ft ™P"W for in the possession of 1 

Troye, %ho long vainly endeavored to procure its purchase by the Federal Governm, 

a W d > / ?' P°"?°"' ""=' """'°™' "<» •luipments, and sat for the ^v 

almost daily for several months. The scene is laid at Chapultepec. 

The other is a full-length portrait of He«ry Chy, by Nagle. Cost $.,500. 

This picture was painted a. the instance of certain friends of Mr. Clay and it was s 
a.'Jd rhe tv? "7° ■{ ''' ^'"-^ ."°""' P"^ f°' ''• This expectation i^^ nof "liz 
C ommittee f hi "f ""/'"'"k « '"^ femuneration. It L purchased by the Jol 
C ommittee of the Library from the artist's son. Mr. Clay, it is said, regarded this p'l 
b, his ftienX""' "' ™ <li»PP-"'ed because^t was not 'purchased at i'l. 

,tom:,T.cTer '^ "°"" Extension, contains a Restaurant, Bath ^nd Commiti;; 

Se,fa'trfhl'edtnn'„i!,'''T"*'"'' "1°"''""^ "^f"""'- ''^ """' "^ "h-h '■ 
senate is heated and cooled. To many this is a most interesting portion of the Cat,! ( 

t, r erpt;;'^ ^hiTge"''^'"'"^ "-'=" -'"' ''°"-- -^ ■•>- .-iLf :„^r, 

poiI.rdlm''eTs?a{: ^ Th '""ffi " ^'' '^'"''"f ' °"" '""-'= "^ ^ representative . 
po.n.ed troro each State. The officers are a captain and tHree lieutenanB. 



to Washington and Vicinity. 



27 



rhe duties are to preserve order within the Capitol and grounds j to protect the public 
Derty from injury j enforce all prescribed rules ; also to extend to visitors proper cour- 
ts and furnish them with all desired information. 

3ISTORY OF THE BUILDING OF THE CAPITOL. The corner- 
le of the Capitol was laid with Masonic ceremonies September 18, 1793, by Master 
son George Washington, President of the United States. 

rhe plan approved of was that of Doctor Wm. Thornton, born in the West Indies, 
Amateur civil engineer and draftsman. The practical architect first employed in its 
ction was Stephen Hallet, a Frenchman, who modified Thornton's plan and substi- 
^.d some features of his own, which displeased Thornton, who possessed the ear of the 
fsident, and eventually became a commissioner. Hallet was dismissed.^ Hoban, the 
f itect of the President's House, was then put in charge for a short period. 
Kxi Englishman, Mr. George Hadfield, was afterwards employed, and he, in conjunc- 
f with Hoban, succeeded in getting the north wing ready for occupation in 1800. The 
ate, House of Representatives, Supreme Court, and Library were accommodated in 

one wing. . . . t o iv/r 

Mr. Hadfield, however, became discontented and resigned his position. In 1803, Mr. 
nry B. Latrobe, an Englishman of Huguenot descent, was his successor, and by him 

south wing was completed. In 18 14 the British burned out the two wings. The 
Le now occupied by the Rotunda, up to that period, was only a wooden scaffolding, 
lich united the two portions of the building. 

Latrobe was employed to rebuild the wings, and also to design and erect the Rotunda 
fDome. Becoming dissatisfied, he resigned in 18 17. Mr. Charles Bulfinch, of Bos- 
L an American, was his successor. _ _ 

the foundation of the Rotunda was laid March 2, 18 18. The Capitol, including the 
tunda and the first low-arched Dome, was considered finished in 1827. Mr. Bulfinch, 
Lr accomplishing his work, returned to Boston. 
The corner- 



ne of the 
[tension was 




ROIANICAL GARDEN. 



ipito! to present date has been about $15,000,000. 
THE BOTANICAL GARDEN is immediately west of the Capitol, lying be- 



28 Roose's Companion and Guide 

rv/eeix Maryland and Pennsylvania avenues. It contains a conservatory 300 feet li 
There are, besides, ten smaller conservatories. The first buildings were erected in i{ 
This portion of Reservation No. a was very early, in intention, set apart for a Botan" 
Garden. It remained, however, as late as 1849, almost a swamp, a chief cause of 2 
around the Capitol. The tide still ebbs and flows here in a large sewer covering T ' 
Creek. • ° ii 

The Bartholdl Fountain, so much admired at the Centennial Exhibition, was purchc 1 
by Government for $6,000, and is placed here north of the large conservatory. '" 

RESERVATIONS. There were originally set apart for various purposes sev 
teen reservations, designated In the early maps by figures from i to 17. Most of th" 
still remain, with slight modifications, in possession of the Government. Their wi ' 
original area was 541 acres i rood 29 perches. Their present area is about 513 acres 

Rei. i—The President's Grounds.~Th\s Includes the surroundings of the Execul" 
Mansion, extending from Lafayette Square on the north to the mouth of Tiber creek f 
the neighborhood of the Washington Monument. On it are the Presidential Mansi*' 
the Treasury, the War, Navy, and State Departments. 83 acres 1 rood 22 perches t 

Res. z—The Capital Grounds.— Thh is the Mall, with the East and West Capi' 
Parks ; its western line is 14th st. west. On it are the Capitol, the Botanical Gardi'! 
the Smithsoman Institution, and the Agricultural Department j to this list we are so' 
to add the depot of the Baltimore and Potomac railroad. Original area, 227 acre< 
perches. » / > 

Res.^—The P^r/J.—Bounded by 14th st. west on one side and the Potomac river , 
the other. This reservation is occupied by iht Washington Monument and the Go' 
ernment nurseries. 29 acres 3 roods 9 perches. Here, also, is located the building c 
cupied by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. This bureau was previously accor' 
modated m the attic story of the Treasury Department. Its estimated cost was $6oc' 
000 J its actual expense has, however, somewhat exceeded that sum. ; 

Res^—The Uni-versity Square.— On this reservation is situated* the United Stat! 
Naval Observatory. 21 acres 18 perches. 

Res. S— The Arsenal Grounds.— Thk is at the foot of 4^ st. west, and is the mc, 
southern portion of Washington City. In 1857 this plat was extended by purchase, 
the Penitentiary which stood here, but which has since been replaced by officers' quartet 
the conspirators adjudged guiky of Mr. Lincoln's murder were tried, and afterwards hur 
within its walls. 

Res. 6—PFest Market-Street Square.— TKi% is at the foot of 20th and 21st sts. wej 
and is now covered with water. 

Res. -J- Centre Market Square.— Occn^i^d by the principal market in the city; 7th ' 
9th St. west, facing Penna. ave. ' 

Res. ^—National Church Square.— Now occupied by Patent Office. Area, 4 acres T 
perches. [See article. Patent Office, in this volume.] ' 

Res. ^—Judiciary Square —The site of the Court-House and surrounding grounds. 

Res. 10— North of Pennsylvania avenue, between 3d and 4J sts. west. Congress ur 
wisely granted to the corporation the privilege of selling this reservation in lots to pay fi: 
the removal ot the canal and to fill up the low grounds. 

Res. II— Between B and C sts. north and 2d and 3d sts. west. Disposed of for th 
same purpose as Res. 10. ! 

Res. 12— North of Pennsylvania avenue, between 2d and 3d sts. west. Disposed . 
of the same as Nos. 10 and 1 1. Area, 1 1 acres 29 perches, of the reservations 10, 1 1, ir 

Res. i^— Hospital Square.— ^^tw^tn B and G sts. south, and 19th and the Anacosti 
east. Area, 77 acres 26 perches. On it are the Washington Asylum and District Jai 



to Washington and Vicinity. 



29 



Rei. 14 — The Navy-Yard. — Area, 12 acres 3 roods 15 perches. 

Res. 15 and iS — Eastern Market-House Square. — Near the Navy-yard, granted for 
arket-house purposes. Area of the two reservations, 2 acres i rood 4 perches. 

Res. 17 — Toivn-House Square. — This is southeast of the Capitol, 3d St., and South 

pitol St., where New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia avenues 
tersect, making an irregular plat with an area of 21 acres i rood 29 perches. The old 
uddington Manor-House, the residence of the Carroll family, fronts upon it. The 
irroll spring, famous during the war times, is located here. 

SQUARES, Etc. There are a number of open squares in Washington City, be- 
les those already alluded to as reservations 5 most of them are formed by the diverging 
les of avenues intersecting other avenues and streets 5 they are of various sizes. 

Lying West of the Capitol. McPherson Square is formed by the intersection of Ver- 
ont avenue, 1 5th, I and K sts. n. w.; 
I acre 2 roods. The equestrian 
itue of Gen. McPherson is erected 
The cost of the pedestal on 
lich it stands was $15,000. This 
m was contributed by Government, 
le cost of the statue proper v/as de- 
lyed by the Society of the Army of 
e Tennessee. 

Farragut Square is at the intersec- 
m of Connecticut avenue, 17th, I 
id K sts. n. w.; area, the same as 

cPherson Square. In this square 
the colossal statue of Admiral Far- 
gut, by Miss Ream, for which 
20,000 was voted by Congress, 
pril 16, 1872. 

Massachusetts and Rhode Island avenues intersect 

St. and 1 6th st. half a mile immediately north of 
le President's House, forming an open space of about 
\ acre in extent. This square is known as Scott 
lace, and is noted for the colossal equestria:n bronze 
atue of Gen. Scott, which occupies its centre. The 
atue was designed by H. K. Brown, of New York, 
id cast by Robert Wood & Co., of Philadelphia. It 
eighs 12,000 lbs., cost $20,000,- weight of granite 
pdestal, over 320 tons. The cost of the pedestal was 
J53,ooo, 

Franklin Square is bounded by 13th and 14th sts. 
'est and by I and K sts, north. Government pur- 
hased this plat in 1829, because of its containing a 
ne spring, from which the President's House and 
xecutive offices were supplied with water by pipes as 
irly as 1832. The supply is still from this source. 

Rawlins Square, on New York avenue, southwest of 
le President's House, between i8th and 19th sts. n. w. 





3° Roose^s Companion and Guide 

Opposite the west wing of the Centre Market, Penn. Ave. and 9th st. n.w., is the broij 
statue of Gen. John A. Rawlins, who died while Secretary of War. It cost $io,ooo,Jii 
Mount Vernon Place, at the intersection of K and 8th sts. n. w. with Mass. and Mi 
Y. avenues. A beautiful fountain occupies the centre. ;i 

Fourteenth-street Circle, at the intersection of Massachusetts and Vermont aveni 1 
and 14th and M sts. n. w., is beautifully laid out, and the centre is now occupied by n 
equestrian statue of Major-General Geo. H. Thomas, contributed by the Society of t' 
Army of the Cumberland. Government appropriated $25,000 for the pedestal ^ 
which the statue stands. The artist was Mr. J. Q. A. Ward j cast by Bureau Brothers'! 

Heaton, Phila.j " 

sum paid by 
Army of the 
Cu m b erland, 
$4*^,000. 

Iowa Circle 
is at the inter- 
section of Ver- 
m o n t and 
Rhode Island 
avenues and P 
and 13th sts. 
n. w. 

The Wash- 
ington Circle is 
at the intersec- 
tion of Pennsyl- 
vania and New 
Hampshire av- 
enues and K and 
23d sts. n. w., 

near George- wAonii^uiuiN. 

Here is the eques trian bronze statue of Gen. Washington, by Clark Mills } co 
" ==— ■ ^ ■ $50,000. Ca 

out of capture;^' 
guns donated 1 
Congress. 

Dupont Statu 
Circle at intei 
section of Cor 
necticut,Ma3S2 
chusetts, a n 
NewHampshhfffi 
avenues, at igt'"' 
and P sts. n, v ' 

Luther Statut 
1 4th St. and Vei 
mont avenue. 

Lying east c 
the Capitol. Stan-, 
ton Place is i 
RESIDENCE OF BRITISH MINISTER '^ ^~" t^e intersectio 




THOMAS. 




town. 



AVASHINGTON. 




to Washington and Vicinity, 



3S 



Maryland and Massachusetts avenues at 5th st. n. e.; area, 3 acres i rood. An 
estrian statue of Maj.-Gen. Nathaniel Greene, by Henry K. Brown, stands within 
space. The artist recei'^ed $50,000. The Continental Cong^ss voted a nionu- 
lit to Gen. Greene ; and this statue, after the lapse of almost a century, is the virtual 
ilment of that resolution. It was put in position in 1877. 

[ajor-General Greene was a highly distinguished revolutionary soldier. After Boston was 
:uated he was entrusted with the defence of Long Island, and appointed major-general. He 
present at Trenton, at Princeton, and at Brandy wine; and in the battle of Germantown he 
.manded the left wing which penetrated into the village. At Monmouth, at Tiverton Heights, 
at the battle of Springfield, he also rendered distinguished services. He was president of 
court of inquiry upon Major Andre, and was appointed to succeed Arnold at West Point, 
ch command he held but a few days. He succeeded General Gates in the command of the 
them army. Congress presented him with a gold medal and a British standard tor the batUe 
lutaw springs, and two of the cannon taken from the enemy. North and South Carolina and 
rgia made him valuable grants of property. He died at Mulberry Grove, on the Savannah 
r, Georgia, June 13, 1786. 
incoln Square is one mile directly 
of the Capitol. Massachusetts, 
th Carolina, Tennessee, and Ken- 
cy avenues here intersect between 
h and 1 3th sts. Originally it was 
;nded to erect an Historic Column 
this spot, which was also to serve 
Mile or Itinerary Column^ from 
ich all geographical distances in 
United States were to be meas- 
d. Instead, however, is placed 
e the bronze group of Emancipa- 
, representing President Lincoln 
aking the fetters of the slave, erect- 
by the freedmen. Cost % 1 7,000 ; 
ugurated April 14, 1876; designed 
Thomas Bell 5 cast at Munich by 
\n Muller, Jr. 

THE AVENUES. The ave- 
;s constitute a feature in the plan 
Washington city calculated to con- 
e a stranger, and to cause him at 
t to wonder much at their exist- 
:e. An early authority says : * 
The positions for the diflferent edi- 
;s, and for the several squares and 
;as, as laid down by the ' Geographer 
beral,' Andrew Ellicott, [the contem- 
j-ary and successor of Major L'En- 
t,] were first determined on the most 
^antageous ground, commanding the 
St extensive prospects, and the better _ _ 

(ceptible of such improvements as either use or ornament may require. Lines of direct 
nmunication have been devised to connect the most distant objects loith the principal by a> 
ect communication with the main, and preserving through the whole a reciprocity of sight 
d the most favorable ground for convenience and prospect." 

'L'Enfant, the originator of the idea, had, without doubt, the approaches to the palace 
Versailles in his thoughts when he conceived this feature in his plan of the Federal 

* Jonathan Elliott in " Historical Sketches of the Ten Miles Square," pp. 98, 99. 




EMANCIPATION. 



32 Roose^s Companion and Guide 

City, as in many respects they are almost a reproduction of the lines of those renown, 

alleei. 

The avenues are named after twenty-one of the States. , To the old original Thirte 
are added the names of Vermont, admitted 1791 ; Kentucky, 17925 Tennessee, 179, 
Ohio, 1802; Louisiana, 18125 Indiana, 1816; Maine, 1820, and Missouri 1821 < 
course, the avenues named after the later States were not contemplated in the origin 
draft, and their introduction has not been, in the opinion of several recent writers, ai 
improvement. * 

^ To attempt to describe the course of the various avenues would bewilder rather th: 
instruct the reader. A reference to a map of Washington can alone enable the visit, 
to obtain any intelhgent idea of the lines of their various directions. It might be we. 
however, to contradict a general error, often ignorantly asserted, that the avenues c, 
radiate from the Capitol or the President's House. Although many of them diver, 
from these prominent buildings, quite a number of avenues do not approach either ! 

In 1 87 1 Executive avenue was devised. It encloses a portion of the grounds attach/ 
to the Presidents House, extending from 15 J to 16J sts., and forms a semicircle souti 
of the mansion j a broad smgle road starting from this centre, due south, enters the Drii 1 
opposite the Monument Grounds. 1 

As a general rule, until within a few years the Public Buildings were accessible dai S 
to visitors from 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. The increase of service demanded in the varioi 
Departments has caused some change in this arrangement, and the following regulation^ 
subject perhaps to slight temporary changes dependent upon an increase of work in a pail 
ticular Bureau or Department, are now observed. A knowledge of them will enable 
stranger who is pressed for time to plan his round of visits with greater satisfaction ) 
himself : 

The Capitol is open during daytime every day excepting Sunday, and at night tim 
when Congress has a night session. The Congressional Library from o A. M. to 1 P M 
and the Botanical Garden every week day. 

At^he President's House, the East-Room is open every week day from 10 A. M. t 

We will mention the other more important places in alphabetical order • 

Agricultural Building is open from 9 A. M. to 3 P. M.; also, the Army Medico 
Museum. Arhngton Cemetery is open every day, Sunday included 

Corcoran Art-Gallery, 17th st. and Pennsylvania avenue n. w., is open daily from i. 
A. M. to 4 P. M. Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays ^r^ pay days. ' The three othe 
days, admission is free. r j j 

Insane Asylum is open on Wednesdays from 2 to 6 P M 

Interior Department including the Model-Room, Parent Office, is open daily firom 
A. M. to 4 P. M. The Department of Justice is also open until 4PM 

Navy Department is open daily from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. The Navy Yard b ope. 
daily from 9 A.M. to sunset. ' '^ 

Smithsonian Institution, open daily from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M 

Soldiers' Home is open daily from 9 to dark. Carriages adm'itted to the grounds 

from'fo a'.^M.T2 Tm"^^^' "''"^^' °" Thursdays, (appropriated to foreign diplomats, 
Treasury Department is open from 9 A. M. to 2 P. M. 
War Department is open from 9 A. M. to 3 P M ' 
PRESIDENT'S HOUSE. The President's' House is about a mile and a hal 



to Washington and Vtcmity. 




EXECUTIVE MANSION, NORTH FRONT. 



Dm the Capitol, 
1 d i rection 
est by north, 
stands be- 
l^een 15th and 
[7th sts. n. w., 
I a high pla- 
;au, where 
e n n s y 1 vania 
id New York 
venues inter- 
ct, and front- 
git is Lafayette 
juare. It is 
lilt of a yel- 
wish freestone 
linted white, 
id is popularly 
nown as The 
7hite House. 

It is two sto- 
es high, 170 
5et long, and 

|rith a portico 86 feet wide, oa the north, supported by eight pillars, under which carriages 
an drive. The south front has a semicircular colonnade of six columns in the centre. 

conservatory 
djoins the house 
n the west. 

The building 

said to have 
leen modelled 
fter the palace 
f the Duke of 
^einster, in 
)ublin. The 
rchitect was 
ames Hoban, 

n Irishman, 
vho came to 
iVashington 
rom Charles- 
;on, South Caro- 
ina. 

First foor. 
The north door 
opens into a ves- 
tibule 40 by 50 
feet, divided by BXECtmvE mansion, south front. 

lash screen 5 
within the screen are portiaits of several Presidents of the United States. Throughout 
the Mansion are portraits of all the ex-Presidents, excepting Buchanan and Johnson. 




34 



Roose's Companion and Guide 



The East-Room, occupying the eastern side of the house, is 80 by 40 feet, and ; 
feet high. The ceiling is divided into three panels, beautifully decorated. The chand 
liers, mirrors, and furniture are of the most elegant description. It is, as a rule, accesi 
ble to the public. 

Adjoining the East-Room, west, is the Green-Room, facing the south, so called fro 

the dominant color of its furniture, all of which is exceedingly beautiful j 30 by 20 fee 

Then succeeds the Blue-Room, This is of oval shape, with windows looking soutJ 

ward ; and, as its name indicates, is furnished in blue and gold ; 40 by 30 feet. This 

the room in which, at levees^ the President receives his guests. 

The room next, still facing south, which brings you gradually towards the westei 
side of the house, is the Red-Room. This room is used more commonly by the pres 
dential family, and has somewhat of a home look about it ; 30 by 20 feet. 

Then, in the southwest portion of the house, is the State Dining-Room, 40 by 30 fee 
This IS fitted up in admirable style, and is only used on state occasions. The privai 
dining-rooRi is north of the state dining-room. 

Second Floor. The east part is occupied by the Executive offices, ante-rooms, and th 
President's office. In this last the Cabinet meets. It is spacious, and commands a beauti 
ful view looking south. Adjoining it is the library. The rooms occupied by the famil 
are in the south and western portions of the house, and are mainly used as bed-chambers 
Basem&nt Floor. This contains the kitchens, servants' quarters, store-rooms, and de 
positories for coal, etc. 

History. The corner-stone of the President's House was laid October 13, 1792 j arch, 
tect, James Hoban. It was first occupied in 1800, by President John Adams, but wa 
then in an unfinished condition. The building cost, up to 1814, $333,207. Augusi 
24, of that year, the President's House was burned by the British. It was authorized t ' 
be rebuilt in 1815. Mr. Hoban was again charged with its erection, accordiag to th- 
origmal plan, and its re-erection cost $301,496.25. It was first again occupied by Presi 
dent Monroe. 

The Stables and Conservatory attached to the President's House cost $72,079.82. 

LAFAYETTE SQUARE. This beautifu 
square is in front (north) of the White House, anc 
includes seven acres. Two bronze vases, the copy o: 
an antique, seven feet high, and weighing each 1,30c 
lbs., ornament the grounds. 

The Equestrian Statue of Gen. Andreiv Jackson^ de- 
signed and cast by Clark Mills, is also here. The 
Jackson Monument Association subscribed $12,000, 
and Congress granted captured guns for the casting of 
this statue j afterwards other appropriations were made, 
including a sum of $20,000, the whole netting about 
$50,000. Its weight is 15 tons. 

THE STATE DEPARTMENT is located 
in the south section of the magnificent structure known 
as the State, War, and Na^vy Departments Building ,• 
the War and Navy Departments occupying the east, 
north, west, and centre of the building, Mr. A. B. 
Mullett, late Supervising Architect of the Treasury, de- 
signed the building, which is situated west of the Pres- 
ident's House. Open from 9 A. M. to 2 P. M., daily, 
except on Friday — Diplomatic Day — and Sunday. 
JACKSON STATUE. It is 342 feet from east to west, including projec- 




to Washington and Vicinity.^ 



35 




3" Roose's Companion and Guide 

tions,_etc. and 567 feet from north to south. The style is the Italian renaissance- tl^ 

matr Th t U- '"^^ I ^""•^' '^°"^'^ ^^oJm^.. and Virginh he o'o 
mansard. The building was begun in 1871. 

The interior is superbly finished and furnished, and there are documents, etc., deposit, 
here of great interest. * * ^ 

On the second floor are the Reception-room, the Diplomatic Corps ante-room, t 
room of the Secretary of State, to which is also attached an ante-room, and the rooms 
the Assistant Secretaries and Chief Clerk. 

In the ante-room attached to the Secretary's room are portraits of all the Secretarie 
rrom Jefterson to the present incumbent. 

In the ante-room for the use of the Diplomatic Corps is a portrait of the Bey of Tuni 
presented by himself to Mr. Seward. 

The original Declaration of Independence is in charge of this Department. 

Ihe hbrary, embracing the most complete and valuable collection of works on d 
plomacy in America, is in the third story, over the south entrance. There are « 
tensive files in the Department of American newspapers from 1781 
^ THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT is on the east'side of the President 

It has four fronts each facing a point of the compass. These, including porticos an 
steps, measure 582 feet by 300 feet. The front first built was the east front: it is < 
Virginia freestone, and presents an extended colonnade. Mr. Robert Mills was th 
architect of this portion of the building. The rest is of granite from Dix Island, Main. 

The west, north, and south fronts correspond with each other, having each a centn 
projecting portico The architects- Walter, Young, Rogers, a«d Mullett-were a 
engaged on this splendid edifice. The cost, as stated in a recent report, is $6,837,722 ^% 

The Treasury contains 195 rooms, to which is to be added those in the sub-basemem 
used for store-rooms, shops, and those attached to the heating apparatus 

The Cash-Room is the mostbeautiful of any in the Treasury, and well worth a visi. 
The display of foreign marbles in this room is very fine, but to an American it would b 
more satisfactory had they been of native origin 

The Vaults are of steel and chilled iron } they are situated in the northeast part 

T^rPhT k'J.^ °"' ^5,by 20 feet in size. Two of them are in the basement 
of Th. T ^ ^^"^ I? ' r'^^ cottage-like looking building opposite the south fron 

nf ?h7J ffl"^'-^"T. ™' ^f'^}''i '' P""''' P'^P^''^^' "''^°"S^ ^"'1^ f^' tl^e special servic 
of this office. It IS south of the Capitol, on New Jersey avenue, between B and C sts 
and IS an imposing brick structure. 

The object of this office is "the survey of the coasts of the United States on tide- 
water. It originated m 1807, but its actual organization was completed in 18^^ 

tenT^nV'^Th ^ 7<^ "'^ """TT ''' ^'^' ^'''^ ""^^'^ '^' '^'^ °f the Superin- 
tendent. The Coast Survey is attached to the Treasury Department. Its duties, how- 

Sifi^crvral"^^'^^'^' "by officers of the army and n'avy, with the assista'nc;: 
f story In 18 14 the US. Treasury shared the general fate of the public buildings 
^nn; T^h " T I" '"T^'" '^ ^^' '''^' ^^' ^^^"^^"^ ^S^'" -^^^^d for its use oc- 
X t u ^ '°"'^"■" P°"'°" °^ '^^ P''^^^"^ ^d'^'^^i it ^^'y however consumec 

by fire March 31, 1833. It -s said President Jackson indicated wi'th his cane the site 
of the existing structure In 1836 it was commenced, and made ready to be occupiec 
in 1841. In 1855 the Extension was begun. The north front was the last one com- 



to Washington and Vicinity. 



37 




38 



Roose's Companion and Guide 



pleted. At some future time the east facade will probably be replaced by another con- 
forming with the rest of the edifice. 

THE WAR DEPARTMENT. The different bureaus of the War Depart- 
ment are mainly located in the new State^ PFar, and Na-vy Departments Building, facing 
on Seventeenth street and Pennsylvania and Executive avenues. The building cost 
$10,750,000 5 was begun in 1871 and completed in 1887 ; covers 4J acres, has 2 miles 
of corridors, contains 566 rooms, 5 elevators, and all the modern conveniences. What 
is termed the *' first floor" is the flsor to which the grand entrance or porch leads. 
There is a basement and a sub-basement story. The office of the Secretary of War is 
in the west wing. The Adjutant General, the Quartermaster General, the Commissary 
General, the Paymaster General, and the Surgeon General are occupants of the build-, 
ing. Also, the Ordnance and Engineer Bureaus. 

The Signal Office is on the corner of Twenty-fifth and M streets N. W. 

Winder s Building, corner of 

Seventeenth and F streets N. W., 
was originally built for a hotel, but 




was purchased and fitted up for the 
use of Government at an expense 
of $246,054.78. It is used by 
the Second Auditor of the Treas- 
ury. 

The Army Medical Museum, is 
on the corner of Seventh and B 
streets S. W., east of the National 
Museum. The museum in the 
eait iving contains exhibits of 
wounds and diseases, and to the 
medical student it is interesting be- 
yond description. The clerks of 
a Division of the Surgeon Gener- 
al's Office are located on the first 
floor, west wing, and centre. Ex- 
hibit of army medical supplies, east 
wing The buildings in the court 
are used for anatomical purposes 
and machinery. The library, which 
is on the second floor, west wing, 
contains over 2,000 volumes and 
pamphlets on medical subjects, and 
is used in connection with the 
compilation of the Index Catalogue, 
which will make the most complete 
publication of the kind in the world. 
The Washington Barracks (formerly the Arsenal) is located at the foot of 4J street. 
The grounds are beautifully laid out, and many objects of interest are open for inspec- 
tion. As early as 1803 it was a military station, and in 18 14 it was one of the places 
destroyed by the British. In 1815, under Col. George Bomford, it was rebuilt. Now 
used as an artillery station. 

SOLDIERS' HOME. This institution is, in object, somewhat similar to that 



Ford's Theatre (in which President Lincoln was 

assassinated). 




SOLDIERS HOME. 



to Washington and Vicinity. 

f the Hotel des 
n'v alides at 
*aris. To Gen. 
Vinfield Scott is 
ie military ser- 
ice indebted, in 
reat part, for the 
jggestion and 
ndowment of 
he Sold iers' 
lome. 

March 3, 
851, not long 
fter the termi- 
ation of the 
lexican war, 
longress donated 
1118,719, the 
nused balance 
1 the Treasury 
f the sum levied 

y Gen. Scott on the City of Mexico, to aid in the establishment of the Home. To 
lis sum is added forfeitures, stoppages, and fines, and a tax of 12 cts. a month (formerly 
5 cts.) on each private soldier. 

The main building is of marble, 200 feet front. There are also several beautiful mar- 
ie cottages, the residences of the officers, and the former Riggs' homestead, clustered 
^ear it. 

In summer time Presidents Pierce, Buchanan, and Lincoln resided here. President 
iayes also spent a portion of the warm weather at this beautiful retreat. 

A new hospital has been erected within the grounds. 

There is here, on the brow of the hill, a bronze statue of General Scott y 10 feet high, 
acing the city, by Launt Thompson, erected by the Home in 1874; cost $18,000. 

The grounds embrace 500 acres, and are most beautifully laid out. The drive within 
he enclosure extends 7 miles. 

Disabled private soldiers of the regular army 'are entitled to the benefits of the Homej 
uring their stay their pensions are stopped. 

The Home is three miles north of the Capitol. The tower of the main building af- 
brds the most beautiful of views, the Capitol being a main feature in the landscape. On 
clear day the top of Sugar-Loaf mountain can be discerned in the far distance. 

Horse-cars connect with, and convey passengers from, the terminus of the Seventh- 
treet route to within a short distance of the Home. 

National Military Cemetery, This burial-place adjoins the Soldiers' Home ; estab- 
ished in i86i. It is a sad memorial of the war 5 5,153 Union and 271 Confederate 
lead are interred here. The names of 279 of them are unknown. 

NAVY DEPARTMENT. In 1879 the Navy Department was removed into 
he new building. It occupies the south half of the east section of the structure, and 
fe entered from the same central portico as is the War Department. 

The service of the Naval Department is divided into eight Bureaus, viz : Ordnance, 
Equipment and Recruiting, Yards and Docks, Navigation, Medicine and Surgery, Pro- 
/isiops and Clothing, Steam Engineering, and Construction and Repair. 



40 Roose's Co77ipanion and Guide 

National Obscr'vatory. On a hill 96 feet high, southwest from the President's House 
on the Potomac river, is situated the National Observatory, near the south vv^est terminul 
of New York avenue. 

This hill, long ago, was known as Peter's Hill^ having belonged to Mr. Robert Peter' 
one of the original proprietors. It was also called Camp Hill^ because the forces of Gen: 
Braddock encamped here previous to starting on the ill-fated expedition of 1755 j and ii| 
1 8 14 the troops mustered to defend Washington were stationed here. It was embraceit 
within the proposed town of Hamburg or Funkstown, laid out and lots therein sold yean 
before the Federal city was devised, and the titles to which became sources of annoyano 
to the early commissioners. 

General Washington was desirous of having a national university established here 
[See Reservation No. 4.] 

The Observatory is under the direction of the Navy Department, and belongs to tho 
Bureau of Navigation. It was established in 1842. The central building was completec 
in 1844. Its present rank is among the foremost in the world. There is here, mountec 
in 1873, the most powerful telescope ever made, the "Great Equatorial ;" cost $47,000, 
It weighs, including its base, six tons. The cost of the iron dome erected to cover il' 
was $14,000. 

The Na-val Hospital is between 9th and loth streets, on Pennsylvania avenue east} ill 

iS attached to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery of the Navy Department, and is foi' 

the benefit of the officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps. Cost $116,935.33.' 

Nayy Yard. At the southern terminus of 8th street east is the entrance to thel 

Washington Navy-Yard. It lies along the banks of the Anacostia. 

Dec. 30, 1799, Hon. Benj. Stoddard, Secretary of the Navy, ordered the grounds toi 
be laid out. The yard was formally established by act of March, 1804. The grounds 
occupy about 27 acres. 

It contains a large number of trophies connected with our naval encounters, and is t 
well worth a visit. 

The Museum, open from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M., is full of objects of interest. There is 
here a Spanish gun which Cortez used in his conquest of Mexico, obtained during ourii 
Mexican war, and a small mortar captured from Lord Cornwallis, etc. 

Recently the yard has been more prominent for its manufacture of naval supplies than 
for naval construction. Its workshops are extensive. i 

The Marine Barracks are of brick, and occupy the whole of square 927, a short distance 
north of the entrance to the Navy- Yard, on 8th st., between G and I sts. s. e. 

The barracks were burnt in 1814 by the British, but were immediately rebuilt. The 
architect was Mr. Latrobe. Cost $335,636.81. 

The Marine Corps, created in 1798, is an adjunct to the Navy. The headquarters 
are in Washington. The force consists of a Commandant holding the rank of brigadier- 
general, I colonel, 2 lieutenant-colone]§, 4 majors, 20 captains, with a large number of 
lieutenants, and about 2,500 men. 

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. This building occupies the whole square 
between 7th and 8th and E and F sts. n. w., and is opposite the Patent Office. It is of 
white marble, from New York and Maryland quarries, and is of a modified Corinthian 
order of architecture. It is said to be the best representation of the Italian palatial in 
America, and recalls remembrance of a Florentine palace. It measures 300 feet north 
and south, and 204 feet east and west. 

In the centre of the front facing 8th St., over the carriage gate-way, is an interesting 
specimen of carving, representing" the railroad and the telegraph." 

The Postmaster-General's Office is iu the story above the basement, on the south side. 



to Wasfmigton and Vicinity. 



41 



The Dead- 
etter Office is 
n the north 
de. To enter 
[lis requires a 
^ss, which is 
^sily obtained 
om the Chief 
berk. 



History. The 
te of the south 
de of the Post- 
►ffice Depart- 
lent was, early 

the history of 
V^ashington city, 
ccupied by a 
rick building, 




POST-OFFICE DEFAKTMENT. 



rejected by Samuel Blodgett, an unsuccessful speculator, for a hotel. It was to be 120 
. long, 50 ft. wide, and three stories high. James Hoban was architect. The corner- 
one was laid in 1793, and the plan approved by the commissioners. 

It " was put up," as Watterson states, "out of the proceeds of a lottery authorized to 
e drawn, but not completed. The owners of the prize ticket were orphan children, 
'ho, not having the means of completing the building, suffered it to remain in an un- 
nished and dilapidated state." It was h^re the first theatrical entertainments were given 
1 the national Capital. 

In 1 8 10 it was bought by Government, and plainly finished. 

Congress, in l8i4-'l5, after the burning of the Capitol, held one session here 5 and 
1 the second story the Patent Office was for years accommodated. The lower story was 
ccupied by the General and City Post-Offices until Dec. 15, 1836, when the building 
/as destroyed by fire. Private buildings were then rented for the immediate need. 

In 1839 the south portion of the present building was commenced by Robert Mills. 
iJovernment bought the north half of the square to F st. in 1842. In 1855 the new 
Extension was begun. The designs were made by Thomas U. Walter, architect of the 
Capitol, and executed by Capt., now Gen. M. C. Meigs, and Edward Clark, architect. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.— P«/<;w? Office. The Patent Office 
uilding, in which much of the work connected with the Department of the Interior is 
erformed, covers two squares — from 7th to 9th sts. and from F to G sts. n. w.^ It 
Measures 410 feet from east to west, and 275 feet from north to south. ^ It is Doric in 
irchitecture, and in the original plan of the city the ground on which it stands was re- 
erved for the building of a Grand National Church. 

^ The present structure was commenced in 1837. The south front— built of freestone, 
painted white— was the earliest built ,• designed by Wm. F. Elliott, and executed^ by 
Robert Mills. The east wing was authorized in 1849, was commenced by Mr. Mills, 
A'ho was succeeded, in 185 1, by Edward Clark, then assistant to the architect of the 
::apitol, by whom the building was completed in 1864. The new portions are of Mary- 



42 



Roose's Coinpanio7i and Guide 




to Washington and Fkinity. 



43 




Headquarters Richmond & Danville Railroad. 



^T 



jKoose's Lompamon ana trutae 



land marble on the street extensions and granite on the interior quadrangle, 
ing contains about 191 rooms, and cost $2,700,000. 

Four halls on the second floor compass the whole building. 



The buUd. 



In December, 1836, a fire consumed the building then occupied by the Patent Office, 
situated where the General Post Office now stands. The models accumulated during 46 
years were all destroyed. The patents to that date numbered 10,301. From July 4, 
1836, to July 4, 1876, there were issued 179,638 patents. 

Another fire occurred here Sept. 24, 1877, in which many thousands of models were 
destroyed. The greater portion of the upper story of the whole building was mainly 
burned out. 

In this building is the office of the Secretary of the Interior, who has charge of affairs 
" connected with patents, public lands, pensions, Indians, census, education, and bene- 
ficiary asylums in the District j and he has also supervisory control over the architect of 
the Capitol." The immense structure is not large enough to accommodate all the 
offices connected with the Tepartment, and several rented buildings have been brought 
into its service. 

The Bureau of Education is located at the corner of G and 8th sts., n. w., opposite the 
north front of the Patent Office. The Department of Education was created March 2, 
1867. Its design is to colleet statistics and facts showing the condition and progress of 
education in the States and Territories. In 1868 it was reduced to a bureau, called the 
" Office of Education" 

Survey of the Territories. Office on 7th St., bet E and F sts. n. w. Here information 
can be obtained relative to the surveys in the far West, and photographs seen illustrative 
of the work of the various scientific exploring expeditions of the U. S. 

The Pension Building is located in Judiciary Square, occupying the G St. front, from 
4th to 5th sts. n.w. 



Go'vernmem 
Hospital for the 
Insane. On the 
high ground on 
the south side of 
:he Anacostia is 
this institution. 
In the distance 
it looks like a 
lar^'e feudal cas- 
tle. There is 
attached to it an 
estate of 419 
acres, a portion 
of which is cul- 
tivated by the 
patients. Miss 
Dix, the well 
known philan- 
thropist, took an 
active part in urging the establishment of this great Government benevolence. Neatly 




INSANE ASYLUM. 



to Washington aiid Vicinity, 



4? 




46 



Roose^s Companion and Guide 



one thousand persons, attendants and patients, are accommodated within its walls. Ii 
is also known as St. Elizabeth Hospital. The Institution was opened in iScc It i« 
750 feet long. Cost of building, etc., $988,846.35. 

An iron bridge across the Anacostia, near the Navy-Yard, affords access to the Insane 
Hospital. Its reported cost is $99,487. 

Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is situated on " Kendall Green," lying in 
a northeastly direction from the Capitol; entrance north end of 7th st. east, also the east 
termmus of M st. north. Amos Kendall, Postmaster-General in Gen. Jackson's Cab- 
inet, donated, late in life, some acres and a small building, first occupied by the institu- 
tion, which was incorporated in 1857, and since mainly supported by Congress. In 1864 
a collegiate department was created. It has since rapidly increased in efficiency. In 
1870 the Board purchased an additional 82 acres of Kendall Green property for $8c'ooo 
payable in four years. The property is valued at $350,000. * 

Columbia Hospital for Women, and Lying-in Asylum, cor. L and 25th n. w. A dis- 
pensary is open here every day. 

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Opposite the United States Treasury is a 
splendid building, ongmally erected for the Freedman's Bank. Its upper stories are occu- 
pied by this department; entrance at west door. The 
_^;= ^ , Court of Claims is accommodated in this building. 

The principal object of interest here is the gallery of 
portraits of the Attorneys^Generalof the United States. 
This Department was created June, 1870. The 
head is the United States Attorney-General; all Gov-'" 
ernment prosecutions are conducted by it. Subordi- f 
nateto it are the officers of the District and Circuit f 
Courts of the United States; the Reform School; 
Metropolitan Police and jail of the District of Co- 
lumbia, and the various law officers of the national 
Departments, 

The Court-House {formerly the City Hall,) is situ- 
ated opposite the northern terminus of 4J street, on 
Judiciary Square, which comprises about 20 acres. 
The courts of the District are held, excepting that of 
the Police Court, in the Court-House. 

The structure is of freestone, painted white. It 
. ,. U-. . r u .. • 1 ^^^ designed by George Hadfield, an Englishman, one 

of the architects of the Capitol. Only about one-half of the building, as designed by 
him, has been erected. It was commenced in 1820 ; whole frontage, 250 feet 

In the front of the building, on a marble column, is a statue of President Lincoln, 
by Lot Flannery, of Washington city, erected by contributions of citizens. (See Reser- 
vation No. 9.) ^ J.XCBCJ 

The Police Court is at the n. e. corner of 6th and D sts. n. w., in the building once 
used for worship by the Unitarian Society. ^ 

The Reform School h situated on Lincoln's Hill, (a fort of that name occupied the site 
during the war of the rebellion,) on the Wasliington and Baltimore turnpike. It is for 
boys, and attached is a farm of 1 50 acres. 

.nZfl^T^^wl OF AGRICULTURE. Between the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution and the Washington Monument grounds is situated the Agricultural Department ^ 
between 12th and 14th sts. s. w. It is of brick, with brown stone trimmings j 170 fc^t ^ 





PEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. 




AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 



to Washington and Vicinity. 4.7 

long, 61 feet 
deep; designed 
by A d o 1 p h 
ClusSj and has 
a mansard roof j 
fi nished in 
1868. It bears 
a resemblance 
to what the 
Palace of Ver- 
sailles was when 
only a hunting 
chateau, before 
Louis XIV ex- 
pended upon it 
the revenues of 
a kingdom. 

There are 
extensive struc- 
tures built for 
ex perimental 
gardening, 

bown as Plant- Houui^ designed by Mr. Saunders, " Superintendent of Gardens," etc. 
he main building is 320 feet long and 30 feet wide, with a projecting centre wing 150 
ct long. 

Besides the gardens, etc., there is Ijere an Agricultural Museum of great interest. 
The Department was established May 15, 1862. 

THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE is at the corner of North Cap- 
\\ and H sts.; length, 300 feet on H st. and 175 feet on North Capitol st. It is said to 
! at present the largest printing establishment in the world. 
Washington Asylum^ etc. This institution is an asylum for the poor, and a workhouse 
r those convicted of minor crimes, except theft, in the police courts. It is on Hospi- 
1 Square, or Reservation 13, being the extreme eastern portion of the city. The first 
iilding was put up in 1815 ; there are now accommodations for 400 persons. 
North of it is the new District Jail, four stories high, 310 by 193 feet, designed by A. 
. MuUett. Cost, $343,556.77. Begun in 1872; made ready for occupation in 1875. 
The Army and Navy Magazines were formerly in near neighborhood, but have been 
Imoved to their new location south of Giesborough's point on the Potomac. South of 
le Jail is the 

! Congressional, Cemetery. This Cemetery is attached to Christ Church, Episcopal, (Wash- 
igton parish,) Navy-Yard. (See Churches.) 

{ The Cemetery now embraces 30 acres. It was laid out in 1807, with about ten acres. 
i is called Congressional because there are sites allotted here for the interment of mem- 
Iprs of Congress who die in office, and even if not buried here, a monument is erected 
|i the memory of such. There are rows of tombs, many of which are empty. It is not 
ily beautiful as a cemetery, but is interesting on account of the many distinguished dead 
ho lie here. ^ 

h Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian Institution is built of red freestone, and has 
umerous towers, reminding one of the palace of the old Scotch kings, Holyrood. The 
ctremc length of the building, from east to west, is 447 feet ; the breadth of the centre. 



Roose's Companion and Guide 




SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 



48 

including car- 
riage-porch, is 
160 feet. It 
was designed by 
James Ren- 
w i c k, Jr., of 
New York. 
The style is 
Norman, in use 
about the end 
of the I 2 t h 
c e n tury ; cur- 
ner-stone laid 
18475 com- 
pleted 1856J 
cost $450,000. 

The grounds, 
extending from 
7th to 12th sts., 
were laid out by 
Andrew Jack- 
son Downing, a landscape gardener of great reputation, who died while prosecuting th 
work. There is a beautiful vase to his men> '-y erected here. 

This institution is the bequest of an English gentleman, James Smithson, an illegiti " 
mate son of a Duke of Northumberland. The bequest was "to found at Washingtor: li 
under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase anf 
diffusion of knowledge among men." The original bequest v/as $515,169. In 183 
Congress accepted it, and it was obtained through Hon. Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania" 
designated a commissioner for the purpose. The accumulated interest, etc., was suffif 
cient to pay for the erection of the building. 

The National Museum deposited here includes the collections of all the exploring ex't 
peditions of the United States, besides all other sorts of curiosities, and would requ 
weeks to examine carefully. 

A low brick building, 300 feet square, erected in 1879, known as the " Annex to thcjii 
Smithsonian Institution," is intended to contain the Centennial Exhibits of, and donation 
of foreign governments to, the United States. It covers an area of %\ acres. 

The Smithsonian Institution j)ublishes and distributes original works on General am e 
Special Science, and is engaged in extensive Meteorological Investigations. The Library ii 
once centered here, has been removed to the Capitol into a hall of the Library of Congress ' 

WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

This is a white marble obelisk, situated on a bluff on the Potomac river, near th< 
northwest terminus of Virginia avenue. It is the spot where Gen. Washington indi' 
cated his choice for the erection of the statue which the Continental Congress had votec 
in honor of his services. (See Reservation No. 3.) 

In 1835 the Washington Monument Association was formed. Chief- Justice Mar- 
shall was its first president. Its object was to erect a monument to the memory o; 
our great first President. The accepted design was the idea of Robert Mills 5 a shaff 
rising from a rotunda to the height of 600 feet— designed to be the highest structure 
ever reared by man, excepting the Tower of Babel. 



to Washington and Vicinity. 



49 



The corner-stone was laid July 4, 1848. Ex-President Jolin guincy Adams was to 
ve delivered the address, but, his death occurring a few months previous, Robert C. 
inthrop, of Massachusetts, Speaker of the House' of Representatives, was selected to 

form that duty. The amount collected was $230,000. 

The funds 

re exhausted 

d work sus- 

nded before 

e late civil 

irculminated; 

1 1 Congress 

ving made 

) p ropriations 

the purpose, 

•k was re- 
)m m e n ced, 
d the shaft 
mpleted at a 
ight of 555 
et on Dec. 6, 
4. The 
pstone is a 
niform key- 
pne, its height 
jm base to top 
ing 5 feet 2J 
ches. It is 4 
;t 5 1 inches 
h on the 
iter face, with 
7-in. shoulder 

bind on each 
le, extending 
)J inches be- 
w. It is 3 
et and a frac- 
)n square at 
e bottom, and 
inches in di- 
Ineter at the 
p where the 
uminium tip 

t s on. Its 
eight is 3,300 
mnds. 

The alumi- 

um apex of the monument is engraved with inscriptions as follows : On one face, 
Chief Engineer and Architect, Thomas Lincoln Casey, Colonel Corps of Engineers; 
Assistants, George W. Davis, Fourteenth United States Infantry ; Bernard R. Green, 




WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



50 



Roose^s CompanioTi and Guide 



Civil Engineer 5 Master Mechanic, P. H. McLaughlin." On another, " Corner-sto 
laid on bed of foundation July 4th, 1848. First stone at height of 152 feet laid Augi 
7, 1880. Capstone set December 6, 1884." On a third, " Joint Commission at setti 
of capstone — Chester A. Arthur, W. W. Corcoran, (chairman,) M. E. Bell, Edwa 
Clark, John Newton. Act of August 2, 1876." And on the fourth face the woi 
'■'■ Laui Deo" — Praise to God. Dedicated February 21st, 1885. Cost to da 
$1,130,000, of which amount Congress appropriated $900,000. 

The original design of the Washington National Monument embraced the idea of 
grand circular colonnaded building, two hundred and fifty feet in diameter, and one hu 
dred feet high, from which is to spring an obelisk shaft seventy feet at the base and fi 
hundred feet high. The obelisk to be constructed first. 




THE GARFIELD STATUE 

Is regarded by the sculptor, Mr. J. Q^. A. Ward, 
one of his most successful achievements. It is a mc 
pretentious and ornate work of art in its entirety th 
are the other monuments in this city. Its position 
a commanding bne, being situate in the small circle 
the intersection of First street and Maryland aveni 
adjoining the Capitol grounds to the west, and is se 
to fair advantage from the Capitol and surroundi j 
grounds and from the intersecting streets. ^ 

The statue rises thirty feet into the air and si;,t( 
mounts a broad and shapely granite base and grace] 
pedestal. Three sides of the shaft are inscribed 
follows : 

Southwest face : James A. Garfield, 1 831 — 188 
On the southeast face: Major General, U. S. V„ 
Member of Congress 5 Senator and President of t\ 
United States of America On the north fac( 
Erected by his Comrades of the Society of t 
Army of the Cumberland, May 12, 1887.JJ 

Surrounding the base of the pedestal a 
three life-size recumbent figures of bron? 
representing the three types of manhood 
well represented by Garfield — those of st 
dent, warrior and statesman — scholar, sc 
dier and orator — or as the sculptor prefe 
to state it, the three attributes — of wisdom, force and patriotism. 

These figures in sitting postures occupy the three corners of the triangular base oft] 
pedestal. Above each of them is an emblematic shield-shaped tablet appropriate to t) 
figure beneath, and each also executed in bronze. Above the figure of the student ti 
emblematic shield bears the book and globe of school days. The shield over the soldie) 
head bears the emblematic sword and trumpet. That over the statesman is ornament; 
with the scales of justice and the laurel wreath of fame. Surrounded by the recumbe. 
figures rises the circular granite shaft encircled by sculptured bands of laurel leaves aiL 
sprays of buck-eyes. 



to Washington and Vicinity, 51 

This pedestal is eighteen feet in height, and surmounting it is the bronze statue of 
|nes A. Garfield, heroic in size, erect and commanding in attitude. The figure is ten 
t six inches in height, and weighs 5,000 pounds. It represents Garfield prior to the 
le of his election to the Presidency and when in the height of physical strength and 
He is in the attitude of an orator, the sculptor's aim being to reproduce with the 
jst lifelike accuracy the position in which be customarily stood when addressing the 
luse, although the statue may equally well be regarded as representing him in the act 
delivering his inaugural address on March 4, 1881. 




Zorcoran Gallery of Art. At the corner of 17th street and Pennsylvania avenue, op- 
ite the War Department, 

the Corcoran Gallery of _... u '''U:- 

It is in the renaissance ^ ^Mii: W:i 

e, 104 feet by 124^ feet, 
brick, with trimmings of 
Ueville freestone. The 
Iding is the gift of Mr. W. 
Corcoran, a retired 

Ithy banker and philan- 
opist of Washington, to 

United States. With it 
. also given his own private 
collection, and an endow- 
nt fund of $900,000, the 
;rest on which is to be ex- 
ded to increase the value!of 

collection. Facilities for 
ying the works of the Gai- 
' are cordially extended to 
sts and students on certain 
ditions. An admirable 
ilogue has been published 
this collection, which of itself is a valuable compendiuin of art information, com- 
d by the curator, Mr. Wm. Macleod. 

:t is open daily, but on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays there is a charge of 25 
ts entrance 5 on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays the admission is free. The 
lery of sculpture and bronzes is exceedingly fine, and very valuable. 
Masonic Temple is at the corner of 9th and F sts. n.w., opposite the Patent Office, 
rner-stone laid 1868. Cost $200,000. Built of granite and Connecticut and Nova 
itia freestone. 
The Order was early planted in the Federal City. Prior to i 8 i 6 two Lodges assembled 

building near the river. 
Odd-Felloivs" Hall h on 7th st. between D and E sts. n.w. It was dedicated in 18465 
modelled in 1873. The first Lodge of the Order was established in the District in 
27; the Grand Lodge followed in 1828. 

'fro'vidence Hospital. This hospital was founded in 1862 by the Sisters of Charity. 
Its accommodations for pay patients are excellent; and it has attached to it a library, 
ding-room, and chapel. It is situated at the corner of D and 2d sts. s.e. 



'~MU[UctlOLS=% 



CORCORAN GALLERY OF ART. 



52 



Roose's Companion and Guide 



Gonzaga College was founded a seminary in 1848 ; incorporated a university in 185 
^s conducted by fathers of the Society of Jesus. It is on I St., between North Capijl 
and First st. n. w. |. 

The Columbian Uni'versity, formerly located on College Hill. This seat of learnirl 
located corner Fifteenth and H streets N. W., was founded by the Baptists, incorporat 
in 1821, and commenced in 1822. The Lata Department, established in 1826, is all 
in the University building. 

In 1873 it became a University. The President of the United States and the Chie| 
Justice of the Supreme Court are honorary members of the Board of Trustees. 

The Natmial Medical College, connected with the University, is on H St., betwet 
13th and 14th sts, n. w.j founded in 1824. The building, in 1864, was presented l3 
Mr. W. W. Corcoran. 

l» Harvard Uni'versity occupies a commanding situation on a hill near the northern te| 

^ minus of the 71 

St. horse-railro; 
route. It was 
corpora ted 
1867, and nam( J 
i n c o mplimei 
after Gen. Hov 
ard, then direct,; 
of the Free* 
men's Burea 
The admissio)! 
etc., of pupils 
without regard 1 
sex or color. Tl 
value of pro]* 
e r t y is aboi 
$600,000. 

F r e e dmen 
Asylum is in tl: 
near neighboi||] 
hood of Howai 
University. 

BENEVOLENT mSTlTUTlOnS.— National Soldiers and Sailors Orphant 
Home, G St., between 17th and i8th sts. n. w.,- incorporated in 18665 amount apprc 
priated by Government $77,381,255 under the charge of a board of lady managers. N 
applicants received under six years old, nor kept after 16 years. 

Washington City Orphan Asylum, corner of 14th and S sts. n. w. 5 founded in 18 I < 
Dolly Madison was first directress, and Mrs. Van Ness (Marcia Burns) second 
corporated in 1828. It is under the control of benevolent Protestant ladies. 

Children's Hospital is on W St., between 12th and 13th sts. n. w. ; incorporated i 
1 87 1. Its object is to provide free surgical and medical treatment for the poor childre 
of the District. It is under the patronage of the benevolent. A free dispensary is con 
nected with it. Sundays, Tuesdays, and Fridays, from 3 to 5 P. M., are visiting day; 
Value of bailding, designed by Mr. Jno. C. Harkness, $23,622.22. Value of square 
$24,500.00. Value of furniture and appliances, $2,600.00. Total, $50,122.22 
The new building was first occupied October, 18-78. 




HOWARD UNIVERSITY. 



Ins, 



to Washington and Vzdnity. 



53 



[6th sts. n. w.: built 




\Louise Homey on Massachusetts avenue, between 15th and 
I71. It pro- 
des an de- 
bt home for 
jluced gen- 
iwomen,and 
the gift of 
\ e wealthy 
ashingtoni- 
, Mr. W. 
. Corcoran, 
10 has called 
by the name 
his wife and 
ughter, la- 
;s now dead, 
cost $200,- 
>o, and has 
endowment 

$250,000. 

accommo- 
tes 55 per- 
ns. The in- 

ates are in- r ^^me 

:ed by the lady directresses. Open to visitors every week day, after 12 noon. 
St. John's Hospital^ for children 5 under the direction of the St. John's Sisterhood of 

f: Episcopal Church. The new house is on H St., between 19th and 20th sts. n. w, 
ceived an appropriation from Government of $25,000. 
St. Ann's Infant Asylum ^ founded in 1863 ; for children less than five years ; under 
e management of the Sisters of Charity. A lying-in hospital is attached. Corner of 

and 24th sts. n. w. Visiting day, Thursday, from a to 5 P. M. 

St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum ^ founded 18555 under the care of the Sisters of 

e Holy Cross} is on H St., between 9th and loth sts. n. w. 

St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum ,• founded 1 8 3 1 ; under the care of the Sisters oi 
larity j is on the s. w. corner of G and loth sts. n. w. A branch, known as St. Rose's 
■phan Home, is on G st., between 20th and 21st sts, n, w. This is for the more adult, 
d the girls are taught a trade. 

The Visitation Academy^ on Conn, avenue, between L and M n.w., is under the charge 

the Sisters of Visitation, and is an emanation from the elder institution in Georgetown. 

Academy of the Holy Cross, Mass. ave., between 13th and 14th streets n.w. Under 
e charge of Sisters of that order. 

The Epiphany Church Home is on H St., between 13th and 14th streets n.w. 

Tie Home for the Aged is at the corner of 3d and H sts. n.e. It is under the charge 

the Little Sisters of the Poor. An appropriation of $25,000 was given by the Gov- 
^ment. 

Women's Christian Association, 13th and R sts. n.w. 

HOTELS.— Arlington, on Vermont ave., near President's House ; capacity, 325 guests. 
Ebbitt, comer F and 14th sts.v n. vf.; capacitj-^, 350 guests. 

Harris House, E st., (facing Penn. avenue.) between 13th and 14th sts. n. w. Room? 
ttiout board. Capacity, 200 guests. 
St. James, cor. Penna. ave. and 6th st. n. w.; European plan. 



S4 Roose^s Companion and Guide 

Metropolitan, on Penn. ave., between 6th and 7th sts. n. w.; capacity, 300 guests. 
National, on Penn. avenue, cor. of 6t.h st. n. w.; capacity, 500. 
Riggs House, corner of 15th and G sts. n. w. 

Tremont, corner of 2d st. and Indiana ave., near B. & O. Depot. 

Willard's, on Penn. avenue and 14th st. n. w.; capacity, 500. 

Wormley's, on 15th and H sts. n. w.; capacity, 150. 

Tliese are the most notable. There are other hotels of lower prices, suited to all classes ( 
persons. 

PRINCIPAL MARKETS.— Centre Market ; 410 feet front, between 7th and gth sts 
the south side of Penn. ave. n. w.; built, 1870. 

"Eastern Market, on Capitol Hill, at the junction of 7th st. e. and North Carolina ave 
built, 1873. 

"Western Market, on K, between 20th and 21st sts. n. w. 

Northern Market, between 6th and 7th sts. and O and P sts. n. w.; temporarily accon 
modated in wuoaen sheds. 

Northern Liberty Market, on 5th st., between K and L sts. n. w.; is of brick- ^24 fet 
long; cost, $140,000 ; built, 1875. 

RAILROADS.— For South, North, East, and West, Baltimore and Potomac. Depc 
corner ii and oth sts. n. w., near Pennsylvania avenue. 

For East, North, and West, Baltimore and Ohio. Depot corner C st. and New Terse 
are., near the Capitol. 

HORSE-CAR ROUTES.— Columbia Railway. From the Treasury, 15th st. and N 
York ave., to H st. and Boundary n. e. It intersects the Metropolitan at qth st. and the 7th si 
line at 7th st. ' 

Metropolitan Railway. From 17th st., south to Penn. ave., near the State Department 
to benate wing of Capitol. 

Georgetown and East Capitol Street Branc'h of this route runs from Georgetown, near the Cod 
vent, to Lincoln square. 
, Ninth St. Branch, from northern terminus of 9th st. to the Arsenal gate 

Silver Spring Branch, from northern terminus of 7th st. route to the road leading to Soldiers 
Home and Rock Creek Church. 

Washington and Georgetown Railway, Main Branch. At the corner of Pennsylvani 
avenue and 1st st. n. w. passengers going to or coming from the Baltimore and Ohio depot ar 
transferred without extra charge. ^ 

Fourteenth St. Branch. From the Treasury, 15th st. and N. York ave., to the Boundar 
north. Exchange tickets given for PenHsylvaaia ave. Hne. 

Seventh St. Branch. From the Boundary north to the river front. Exchange tickets give 
for Pennsylvania ave. line. * 

Capitol, North O st. and South Washington Railroad; or, "The Belt " so callei 
from the circuitous route it traverses. It starts on Maryland ave., at the foot of Capitol Hil 
west, south side of the Botanical Garden, and proceeds north to O st., then west to nth st 
then turns south to E St., again west to 14th st., then south to Ohio ave which it trave- 
to i2th st then south, crossing the Mall, to Virginia ave., along which i't travels to its ii 
tion with Maryland ave., then along that avenue to the place from which it started 

The Anacostia and Potomac River street Railroad commences at 6th st Wharf and R 
St. s_. w^ ; thence runs east along M st. to nth st. s. e. ; then south along nth st., crossing Ana 
costia Bridge to Uniontown, terminating there. 

The tickets of the various street railroads interchange, thus conferring a great favor upon pas 

CHURCHES, denominations alphabetically arranged.— Baptist.— First Baptist i^ith st 
between G and H sts. n. w. r , o ' 

Second Church, corner of Virginia avenue and 4th st. s. e. 

E-Street Church, south side, between 6th and 7th sts. n. w. 

Calvary Church, corner of H and 8th sts. n. w. 

Fifth Baptist Church, D St., near 414 st. s. w. 

North Baptist Church, 14th st., near"R st. n. w. 

Kendall Mission Chapel, corner 13^ and D sts. s. w. 

Calvary Mission Chapel, corner of 5th and P sts. n. w. 

Metropolitan Baptist Chapel, (erected 1875,) s. w. corner of A and 6th sts n e 

Gay-Street Baptist, corner ot Congress and Gay, Georgetown. 

Baptist Colored Churches.— Second Baptist, 3d st., near I st. n w 

Third Baptist, Franklin, between P and Q sts. n. w. 

Fourth Baptist, R st., between 12th and 13th sts. n. w. 

Fifth Baptist, Vermont avenue, between Q and R sts. n. w. 

Sixth Baptist, near corner of 6th and G sts. s. w. 

Nineteenth Street, corner of 19th and I sts. n. w. 
N Shiloh, L St., between i6th and 17th sts. n. w. 

Rehoboth, ist St.. near O st. s. w. 



ses s. 



t& Washington and Vimitty. 



55 




56 Roose's Companion and Guide 

Mt. Zion, F St., between 3d and 4^^ sts. s. w. 

Liberty Church, E st., corner of i8th n. w. 

wA.byssinian, Vermont avenue, corner of R st. n. w. 

L-Street Baptist, corner of 4th and L sts. n. w. 

Enon, corner of 6th st. and South Carolina avenue s. e. 

Mt. Olivet Baptist Church, 6th St., between L and M n. e. 

First Baptist Church, Dumbarton and Monroe sts., Georgetown. 

Christadelphian Synagogue. — ChristadelphianSynagogue,Circuit-Court Room, City Hall 

Christian. — Memorial Church, Vermont avenue, between N and O streets n. w. 

Congregational. — First Congregational Church, corner of loth and G sts. n. w. 

Episcopal. — St. John's Church, corner of i6th and H sts. n. w. 

Epiphany Church, G St., between 13th and 14th sts. n. w. 

Trinity Church, corner of 3d and C sts. n. w. 

Church of the Ascension, corner of Massachusetts avenue and 12th st. n. w. 

Christ Church, G st., between 6th and 7th s. e. 

Grace Church, D st., between 8th and gth s. w. 

Church of the Incarnation, corner of 12th and N sts. n. w. 

St. Mark's Church, 3d st., between A and B sts. s. e. 

St. Paul's Church, (Ritualistic,) 23d st. n. w., south of Pennsylvania avenue Circle, 

Church of the Holj^ Communion, 22d st. , near E st. n. w. 

Church of the Holy Cross, corner 19th and P sts. n. w. 

St. Andrew's Church, 14th and Corcoran sts. n. w. 

St. James' Parish, services in the house, No. 819 H st. n. e. 

St. Paul's Church, (Rock Creek,) near Soldiers' Home. ; 

Emanuel Church, Washington St., Uniontown. '\ 

Christ Church, cor. Congress and Beall sts., Georgetown. 

St John's Church, 2d and Potomac sts., Georgetown. 

Grace Church, High, between Bridge and Water sts., Georgetown. 

St. Alban's, High st. extended, Georgetown. 

Episcopal, (colored.) — St. Mary's Chapel, 23d st., between H and I sts. 

Episcopal, (xeformed.)— No settled place of worship. 

Friends' Meeting Houses.— Meeting House, ';Hicksite,) I st., between iSth and 19th st- 
n. w., north side. 

Meeting House, (Orthodox,) 13th St., between R and S sts. n. w. ; 

German Reformed Church. — First Reformed Church, corner of 6th and N sts. n. w. Ge 
man service in the morning ; English service in ^he evening. 

Hebrew Synagogues.— Congregation Adas Israel, (Orthodox,) corner of 6th and G sts. i 
w. Services every Friday evening at sunset, and every Saturday at 8 A. M. and 4 P. M. \ 

Washington Hebrew Congregation, 8th st., between H and I sts. n. w. Services Friday ev: 
ning at 7 o'clock and Sabbath (Saturday) morning at 9 o'clock. 

Lutheran.— St. Paul's Church, (English,) corner of nth and H sts. n. w. j 

Memorial Church, (English,) corner of N and 14th sts. n. w. \ 

German Evangelical Congregation of Trinity, Unaltered Augsburg Confession, corner of 4lj 
and E sts. n. w. * 

German Evangelical Church, corner of 20th and G sts. n. w. 

German Evangelical, St. John's Church, 4^^ st. s. w. 

Capitol-Hill Mission, ist St., near C st. s. e. 

German Evangelical Association, 6th St., between L and M sts. n. w. 

Lutheran Church, corner of High and 4th sts., Georgetown. 

Methodist Episcopal.— MetropoHtan, corner of 4}^ and C sts. n. w. 

Foundry Church, corner of 14th and G sts. n. w. 

Wesley Chapel, corner of 5th and F sts. n. w. 

McKendree Church, Massachusetts avenue, between 9th and loth sts. n. w. 

Ryland Chapel, corner of loth and D sts. s. w. \ 

Union Chapel, 20th St., near Pennsylvania avenue n. w. , 

Waugh Chapel, corner of 3d and A sts. n. e. 

Hamline Church, corner of 9th and P sts. n. w. 

Grace Chapel, corner of 9th and S sts n. w. ' 

Fourth-Street Church, 4th St., between South Carolina avenue and G St. s. e. 

Twelfth-Street Church, corner of 12th and E sts. s. e. 

Fletcher Chapel, corner of New York ave. and 4th st. n. w. 

Gorsuch Chapel, corner of L and 4j^ sts. s. w. 

Providence Chapel, comer of 2d and I sts. n. e. 

Mt. Zion Chapel, corner of 15th and R sts. n. w. 

McKendree Mission, H st., between 8th and 9th sts. n. e. ■ 

Memorial M. E. Chapel, 1878, H and nth sts. n. e. ,} 

Uniontown, nearly opposite the Navy-yard. 

Dumbarton Street, between Congress and High sts., Georgetown. 



to Washington a?td Vicinity. 5^ 

7est Georgetown Church, corner of Fayette and 7th sts., Georgetown. 
lethodist Episcopal South.— Mount Vernon Church, corner 9th and K sts. n. w. 
"lEethodist Protestant.— Methodist Protestant Church, on 9th st., between E and Fsts.n.w 
iirst M. P. Church, Virginia avenue, near Navy-yard. 
|[. P. Mission, corner of 8th st. and North Carolina ave. s. e. 
longress-street Church, between Bridge and Gay sts., Georgetown, 
[ount Pleasant Church, corner of Fayette and High sts., Georgetown, 
[ethodist Colored Churches.— "Wesley Zion, D st., between 2d and 3d sts. s. w. 
nion Wesley, 23d, near L st. n. w 
)hn Wesley, Connecticut avenue, near L st. n. w. 
albraith Chapel, L St., between 4th and 5th sts. n. w. 
rael Bethel, corner of B and ist sts. s. w. 
nion Bethel, M st., between 15th and i6th sts. n. w, 
;. Paul's Chapel, 8th st., between D and E sts. s. w. 
[t. Pisgah Chapel, 10th st., between Q and R sts. n. w. 
sbury, corner of nth and K sts. n. w. 
ibenezer, corner of D and 4th sts. s. e. 
sbury Mission, corner Boundary and 9th sts. n. w. 
|benezer A. M. E. Church, Beall st., between Montgomery and Monroe sts. Georgetown 

I 'It. Zion M. E. Church, West st., Georgetown. 
. M. E. Church, Hillsdale, D. C. 
|. M. E. Church, Good Hope, D. C. 
few Jerusalem. — Temple of the New Jerusalem Church, North Capitol st., between E 
i C sts. n. e. Seats free. 

resbyterian. — First Presbyterian Church, 4^ st., between Louisiana avenue andCst. n.w. 
lew York Avenue Church, New York avenue, between 13th and 14th stS. n. w. 
iourth Church, 9th St., between G and H sts. n. w. 
issembly's Church, corner of 5th and I sts. n. w. 
I xth Church, 6th st., near Maryland avenue s. w. 

''estern Presbyterian Church, H st., between 19th and 20th sts. n. w., near Penna. avenue. 
Metropolitan Presbyterian Church, corner of 4th and B sts. s. e. 
''estminster Presbyterian Church, 7th St., between D and E sts. s. w. 
orth Presbyterian, on Nst., between 9th and loth sts. n. w. 
eformed Presbyterian, istst., between N and O sts. s. w. 
antral Presbyterian, corner of 3d and I sts. n. w. 
astern Presbyterian, 8th St., between F and G sts. n. e. 
urley Mission, Boundary, near 7th st. n. w. 

'est-street Presbyterian Church, between Congress and High sts., Georgetown. 
resbyterian, (Colored.) — Fifteenth-street Presbyterian Church, 15th St., between I and K 
tn. w. 

Oman Catholic. — St. Patrick's Church, G st., between 9th and loth sts. n. w. The oldest 
Laan Catholic Church in Washington. 

:, Peter's Church, corner of 2d and C sts. s.e. Built ori ground donated by Daniel Carroll, 
i)uddington, one of the largest original proprietors of the Federal City. 

I. Matthew's Church, corner of 15th and H sts. n.w. 
, Mary's Church, CGerman,) 5th st., near H st. n.w. 
. Dominic's Church, corner of 6th and E sts. s.w. 
':. Aloysius Church, corner North Capitol and I sts. n.w. 
[lurch of the Immaculate Conception, corner of 8th and N sts. n.w. 
:. Stephen's Church, corner of Pennsylvania avenue and 2Sth st. n.w. 
;. Joseph's Church, (German,) corner of 2d and C sts. n.e. 
nnity Church, cor. of ist and Lingan sts., Georgetown. 
;. Teresa, Uniontown. 

oman Catholic, (colored.)— St. Augustine's Church, isth St., near L st. n.w. 
nitarian. — All Soul's Church, corner of i4t]j and L sts. n.w. 
'tniversalist. — Southeast corner of 13th and L streets. 

oung Men's Christian Association. — New York avenue, west of Fourteenth 
et. 

UBLIC SQ.YiOO'L,^.— West of Capitol.— H)^^ Franklin, at the corner of 13th and K sts. 
., opposite one of the most beautiful squares in the city, is an exceedingly fine building of 
e stories, and contains 14 school-rooms. (White.) 

Ihe Seaton, I St., between 2d and 3d sts. n.w.; erected in 1871. The site of this building was, 
Jng the late war, occupied by Stanton Hospital. (White.) 

he JeiBFerson, corner of 6th and D sts. s.w. This is the largest of all. It was built in 1872, 
can accommodate 1,200 scholars. (White.) 

he Sumner, on the n.e. corner of i7ih and M sts. n.w.; completed in 1872. This is a verv 
atifui buUding; cost $70,000. (Colored.) ,-•» 



S8 



Roose^s Companion and Guide 



The Miner Building, 17th St., between P and Q sts. n.w. Brick; basement and three stori^ 
(Colored.) 

The Stevens, 21st St., between K and L sts. n.w. Brick ; basement and three stories. fCol' 

John F. Cook Building, O St., between 4th and 5th sts. n.w. Brick; three stories. (Col' 

Randall Building, ist and I s.w. Brick ; three stories. (Col'd.) 

The Abbot Building, corner of New York ave. and 6th st. n.w. Brick; three stories a 
basement. (White.) 

The Curtis Building, 2d St., between High and Market sts., Georgetown. Brick; threes 
ries and basement. (White.) 

East 0/ Capitol.— CrTixich. Building, corner 12th and G sts. s.e. Brick; basement and thi' 
stories. (White.) 

The Wallach, Pa. ave., between 7th and 8th sts. s.e. Built in 1864. This was the first gr, 
advance in improved public school accommodations in Washington, and received its name 
compliment to the then presiding civic dignitary. Mayor Wallach. (White.) 

The Lincoln, corner of 2d and C sts. s.e.; has 10 school-rooms, and is a handsome buildiii 
with admirable appointments. (Col'd.) | 

WATER-WORKS. The v^^ater supplying the city of Washington is brought fn 
above the Great Falls of the Potomac, i8|- miles from the Navy Yard. The Aquedii 
is a succession of wonderful instances of the triumph of the civil engineer. It is a cyli'|! 
drical conduit of 9 feet internal diameter, and conveys the water from the Great Fj 
to a Distributing Reler'voir, 4 J miles from the Capitol. The daily supply is 30 millictii 
of gallons 5 daily consumption 23 millions, and full capacity of the aqueduct 80 milli(|l 
of gallons. 

The first ground was broken on the Washington aqueduct by President Pierce, N( 
8, 1853. It has cost $3,500,000. 

Cabin- John Bridge is one of the distinguishing features of this great enterprise. Tl 

bridge is 20 m 

wide and 420 \ 

long. A sinjjji 

arch of 220 f< 

spans the chasiic 

Cost $237,00 

Capt., now Ge 

Montgomery |B 

Meigs, of the 

S. Corps of £ 

gineers, was tf 

constr'ctor oft! 

bridge and of t^ 

aqueduct. 

"The leng 
of pipe line 
eighteen mile 
twelve tunne 
thelong*sti,4 
feet J total tu 
nelling, 6,653 
and 6 bridges.' 

A stand-pipe of iron, 60 feet high, was erected in 1S77, at Sixteenth and Bounda 
sts. n. w. The cost was $37,000. 

FALLS OF THE POTOMAC. The Little Falls of the Potomac are vei? 
beautiful, and are about 4 miles above Washington, being a series of cascades in all of 
feet. It is here the Chain Bridge^ as it is called, crosses the river. A curious fact is tt 
all the bridges which have crossed the Potomac at this point have been called cha 
bridges, when, in fact, but one was of that construction. The bridge erected here befc 




iQmmfiM^rusi^s^' 



.^■^'.i^sa^,^^ aa^safejTJalfegi^ 



s^^m 



CABTN JOHN BRIDGE. 



to Washington and Vicinity. 59 

\\\ was a chain suspension bridge, and its various successors (of which there have been 
Iveral) have, in turn, been so called. The present one is a Howe-truss iron bridge, free, 
id cost $100,000. 

I The Great Falls, as already stated, are some lo miles above the Little Falls, and are 
onderfully grand. The rocky channel here is narrowed to lOO yards, and in a series of 
iscades the river descends 80 feet in the course of a mile and a half. The Virginia shore 
iwers 70 feet of perpendicular rock above the bed of the river. 

ANALOSTAN ISLAND is situated opposite Georgetown, and contains about 
3 acres. It is connected with the Virginia shore by a causeway. It was formerly the 
sidence of Gen. John Mason, in the war of 18 12 commissary-general. It was once 
ider admirable cultivation, and the earliest known Guide-Book of Washington, by 
t^'arden, gives a glowing account of its fertility and the elegant hospitality of its owner. 
I is now a place of holiday resort for picnics, etc. The mansion still stands, dilapi- 
ited and shorn of its former splendor. The Confederate commissioner to Europe, James 
[. Mason, arrested by Admiral Wilkes, was born on this island. 

CEMETERIES. We have in other places mentioned the Arlington, Congres- 
bnal, and Oak Hill Cemeteries, and the National Military Cemetery at the Soldiers' 
[ome. There are besides these other cemeteries of interest of considerable extent and 
;auty lying around the city of Washington. 

The oldest of these is Rock- Creek Church Cemetery, near the Soldiers' Home. Rock- 
reek Church was first erected in 17 19, rebuilt in 1775, and remodelled in 1868. The 
ain walls are those built in 1719. A monument here bears the date of 1775. About 
le-half of the glebe belonging to this old parish church has of late years been added to 
le cemetery. The venerable Peter Force, so long conspicuous in the Federal City, is 
terred here. 

Glenivood Cemetery lies about a mile and a half north of the Capitol. It embraces 90 
;res, and was incorporated in 1854. Amos Kendall, Postmaster-General in the time of 
ickson and Van Buren, is buried here. 

Near the entranee to Glenwood are Prospect Hill Cemetery, 17 acres j and St, Mary^ 
urying Ground, 3 acres. 

Mount Oli'vei Cemetery, comprising 70 acres, is on the Columbia turnpike, J mile north 
•the east terminus of the Columbia Horse Railway; incorporated in 1862. Many Roman 
atholics of eminence are buried here. 

Graceland Cemetery, about 40 acres, is situated at the east terminus of the Columbia 
[orse Railway; opened 1872. 

Two of the oldest cemeteries, the Eastern and Western, have been displaced by recent 
tiprovements, and the many burying-piaces immediately surrounding the churches have 
ad for the most part the dead removed from them. 

GEORGETOWN is separated from Washington by Rock creek, and lies north- 
est of the city. Horse rail-cars enter Georgetown by both the Penn, ave. and P st. 
mtes. It was a town of some importance at the time the Federal City was located, 
opulation in 1880, 12,578. 

Georgetoivn Heights presents admirable building sites, and is occupied by beautiful 
jsidences, many of them of a palatial character. 

Oak-Hill Cemetery (originally 10 ^cres) is situated on the Heights, and for beauty of 
tuation, exquisite taste in adornment, and general management, challenges comparison 
ith any cemetery in the world. It has been gradually enlarged, and was originally the 
ft of Mr. W. W. Corcoran. It now embraces 30 acres. Secretary Stanton, Chief- 
ustice Chase, and many other distinguished dead, are buried here. 

Georgetoivn High-Service Reser'voir, with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallons, is an object 



6o Jioose's Companion and Guide 

of interest. It is at the iiead of MarJcet sCj the surface water is 215 feet above tide, a 
70 feet above the Distributing Reservoir. 

The Con-vent of tbe Visitation, ionn^td in 1799, is ^" institution of note. In t 
Convent vault a daughter of Gen. Scott is buried. She was a religieuse of the ord 
The Academy under the care of the Sisters of the Visitation was founded at the sai 
time. In 18^3 an addition was made to the establishment. The Academy groun 
include 30 acres. 

Georgetoivn College^ founded in 1789, raised to a university in 18 15, is probably t 
oldest Roman Catholic college in the country. It is under the care of the Fathers 
the Society of Jesus. The library contains many rare works and some valuable man 
scripts ; and in the Museum are coins and medals, with interesting relics of Commode 
Decatur. 

A new building, forming a frontage to the original main building, and which of itsi 
would constitute one of the finest collegiate edifices in America, designed by Smithmey<. 
has greatly increased its educational capacity. 

The Linthicum Institute and the Peabody Library are accommodated in the Publi 
School building on 2d and Potomac sts., three stories, basement, and mansard, and c( 
$70,000 ; built 1875. 

Edward Linthicum, a retired hardware merchant, left by will $50,000 for the educatii 
of poor white boys. George Peabody, the world-renowned millionaire philanthropii 
(and once a resident of Georgetown,) funded $22,000 to institute the Peabody Library. 

A Home for Aged Women is also a thoughtful and beautiful charity of this town. 

ALEXANDRIA is 6 miles distant from Washington. Boats ply every hour du 
ing daytime between the two cities, and there is also hourly railroad communicatio 
The city was founded in 1748, then called Bellhaven, the beautiful harbor. 

Christ Church is an Episcopal church in Alexandria, over a hundred years old, (1773 
which General Washington used to attend. His pew is pointed out to strangers. 

A National Cemetery is near Alexandria, containing the graves of 4,000 soldiers, 

MOUNT VERNON, the home and tomb of Washington, is about sixteen'mil 
down the Potomac from the Federal city. A boat starts daily, excepting on Sunday, fro: 
7th St. wharf, at 10 A. M., for Mount Vernon ; returning, it reaches Washington abo 
3.30 P. M., thus allowing excursionists ample time to explore the house and grounds. 

The scenery between Washington and Mount Vernon is not only beautiful, but r( 
piete with interesting national associations. A fine view is obtained of Arlington Hous 
on the Virginia shore. Opposite it is the Washington Monument. 

Then the receding city passes away like a panoramic view, succeeded by tl 
Arsenal and grounds, the Insane Asylum, and the Navy Yard, while, grandly crownir 
all, is the Capitol with its graceful dome. 

Alexandria is soon reached. [See Alexandria.] 

Fort Foot, an important earthwork during the late war, is next approached. Agai 
the boat stops a moment at old Fort Washington. Both forts are on the Maryland shon 
The last was built in part by Major L'Enfant. Opposite this fort, on high ground, 
Mount Vernon House. 

The mansion fronts the river. The centre was built by Lawrence Washington, hali 
brother of the President, from whom he inherited the estate. The more modern poi 
tions were added by the General. 

The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association own the mansion and contiguous ground; 
Their endeavor is to restore them, as nearly as possible, to the condition they were i 
during the life of their great owner. , ' 

The boat lands at a little wharf reaching far out in the river, belonging to the estat 



to Washington and Vicinity. 



6i 




62 

A walk from 
this wharf leads 
to the Tomb. 

The front of 
the vault is open, 
defended by an 
open iron gate- 
way, through 
which the sarco- 
phagus contain- 
ing the remains 
of Washington 
can be plainly 
seen. There is 
also another sar- 
cophagus, con- 
taining the re- 
mains of Mar- 
tha, the consort 
of Washington. 



Roose's Co7npanion and Guide 




WASHINGTON'S TOntB 

namber of family graves sui round the tomb 



ARLINGTON. Arlington House is situated on Arlington Heights, in Virgin 
on the south side of the Potomac, in plain view of the Capitol. The late war and inc 
dents connected 
with it have 
made this a place 
of historic inter- 
est. Over fifteen 
thousand of the 
Union dead lie 
interred around 
the former beau- 
tiful home of 
the great grand - 
daught'r of Mar- 
tha Washington, 
who became the 
wife of the Con- 
federate chief- 
tain, Gen. Robt. 
E. Lee. The 
estate embraced 
about one thou- Arlington house, 

sand one hundred acres, two hundred of which have been set apart as a National Cemetery 
_ ^A very prevalent mistake, reiterated by irresponsible newspaper correspondents and coDie, 
into several of the Washington Guide-books, it is our duty to correct. irisverVposS 
asserted that m 1863 this estate was "sold under the confiscation act, and in iSe/was Lkei 
possession ofby the National Government." The facts are that the' Arlin^on property wa 
cfjlUV" ""a' Jf ""^7/'.' .^^^4, and was nez^er confiscated. It was nevfr the^ property o 
General Lee and only a life interest in the property was devised to Mrs Lee bv her fai^^er 
W^'Z^I^'^^'^" ^^l^^ ^"''"- Jh^value o?the%state, as recorded in thelkS book of th 
State, was ^34,100. The amount which it was sold for at the tax sale was «26,8oo O ArWto, 
House ..as built by Mr. George Washington Parke Custis. It is imposing in apperr^ce an 




to Washington and Vicinity, 



63 




64 



Roosts Companion and Guide, 



has a frontage of 140 feet. The portico is 60 feet long and 25 feet deep, and is ornamented „, , 
eight Done coluinns built of brick, plastered. It was long regarded as one of the palati i 
homes of the South. Ihe situation of the mansion is fine, and the view from the portico exte ' 
sive, and lor beauty can scarcely be excelled. | 

The cemetery lying west of the house is devoted to white and that lying north 1 
colored dead soldiers. South of the house is the « Unknown Tomb," in which a, 
placed the remains of 2,111 unknown soldiers gathered from the battle-fields of Bu 
Run and the route to the Rappahannock Near this tomb is an amphitheatre, erecte 
in 1873, designed for use on Decoration Day, capable of accommodating 5,000 person 

In regard to this estate, it has been very currently reported that it was bequeathed \ 
Gen. Washington to Mr. CuStis, his adopted son. The truth is Mr. Custis inherited ; 
from his father, John Parke Custis, and Gen. Washington never owned it. The founde 
of the American family of Custis was an emigrant inn-keeper, formerly of Rotterdam 
Holland, who, about 1668, married the daughter of Edmund Scarburgh, prominent i 
early Colonial times as surveyor-general of the State and a representative of Accoma 
county, Va. The marriage with this lady gave him immense landed possessions. 

FORT MYER is situated a short distance northwest from Arlington House ] 
IS the only one of the many forts built near Washington during the late war that has nc 
■been dismantled. It is now used as a cavalry station. 

Proposed Lincoln Monumtnt. It has been proposed to erect a monument of great ele 
gance and superior workmanship in front of the Capitol to commemorate the history c 
the Martyr President. An engraving in this volume represents the model, by the artisi 
Clarke Mills, presented to the committee in charge of the object. Whether it wi 
eventually be placed there remains with the American people to determine. God spec 
the right! ^ 




National Museum, (annex to Smithsonian Institution). 








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